آموزش محیط زیست
Babak Omidvar؛ Reza Ghasemi؛ Mostafa Behzadfar
چکیده
The study of the resilience of the cities against earthquake is one of the necessities for the reduction of losses and death toll of the earthquakes. Resilience has various definitions and there is not a unique comprehensive model for its quantitative assessment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive quantitative indicator for resilience and to study the efficacy of social and governance strategies in improvement of urban resilience against earthquake. To achieve this aim, first effective dimensions and indices of resilience of urban areas were explored and extracted by ...
بیشتر
The study of the resilience of the cities against earthquake is one of the necessities for the reduction of losses and death toll of the earthquakes. Resilience has various definitions and there is not a unique comprehensive model for its quantitative assessment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive quantitative indicator for resilience and to study the efficacy of social and governance strategies in improvement of urban resilience against earthquake. To achieve this aim, first effective dimensions and indices of resilience of urban areas were explored and extracted by reviewing available research studies and experts elicitation method. Then based on experts’ opinions and pairwise comparison the model was justified and the relative weights for dimensions and indices were obtained and a comprehensive overall resilience index was introduced. Using the proposed index, the efficacy of different social and governance strategies were compared considering three different earthquake scenarios of North-Tehran, Ray fault, and floating faults. The comparisons were based on three metrics i.e. absolute value of resilience increase, distance from the origin of the Pareto chart considering implementation duration time and costs, and the ratio of cost to resilience increase. In this regard, strategy S3 (90 percent increase of social resilience), strategy S1 (10 percent increase of social resilience) and strategy S3 were the optimal ones based on the first, second and third metrics, respectively. On the whole, the social strategies had better efficiency than the governance ones, but it seems in practice the social and governance strategy categories must be implemented in an integrated manner which could be considered as a future research proposal.
بابک امیدوار؛ محمد صادق توکلی ثانی
چکیده
Sustainability and resiliency analysis of cities is not completed without considering the whole system of interacting sectors. The purpose of this study is to introduce an algorithm for assessment of overall seismic resiliency increase of urban areas due to the reduction of Intra- and Interdependencies between different sectors and retrofitting infrastructures. The proposed method is versatile, and different dimensions of resiliency, i.e., social, economic, technical, physical, institutional, and security dimensions of resiliency are considered in the study. In this research, the technical dimension, ...
بیشتر
Sustainability and resiliency analysis of cities is not completed without considering the whole system of interacting sectors. The purpose of this study is to introduce an algorithm for assessment of overall seismic resiliency increase of urban areas due to the reduction of Intra- and Interdependencies between different sectors and retrofitting infrastructures. The proposed method is versatile, and different dimensions of resiliency, i.e., social, economic, technical, physical, institutional, and security dimensions of resiliency are considered in the study. In this research, the technical dimension, i.e., the functionality of water and power networks are modeled as an example, and some solutions to increase overall resiliency of an urban district against earthquake is investigated. The algorithm is based on the inoperability input-output model, and the interaction between water and power sectors in a metropolitan district is surveyed. Based on the results of a number of Monte Carlo simulations of different dependency scenarios, it is quantitatively shown that the decrease in interdependency has a direct and great effect on the increase in serviceability and overall resiliency indices, but the pattern of this effect is different between various earthquake scenarios. It is concluded that the reduction of interdependency has an increasing effect on the overall resiliency index. Thus, an optimum value for interdependency reduction can be obtained to increase resiliency index using the Pareto principle, and the influence of reducing of interdependency on increasing the resiliency of a region as a whole is investigated. The proposed model may be used in system analysis for other dependent sectors and for different disasters and can also be considered as a helpful measure for decision-makers in sustainability and resiliency enhancement studies.
بهمن زندی؛ محمدرضا سرمدی؛ ناهید کریمی
دوره 5، شماره 1 ، آذر 1395، ، صفحه 41-52
چکیده
این پژوهش در پی تبیین نیازهای آموزشی شهروندان تهرانی بر اساس هدف اصلی "شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی نیازهای آموزشی مردم تهران، در زمینة زلزله" انجام گرفته است. این پژوهش از نوع پیمایشی است و جهت تعیین نیازهای آموزشی از روش نیازسنجی مبتنی بر مدل سه‌بُعدی کافمن، گوریکان و جانسون استفاده شده است. جامعة آماری این مطالعه، جمعیت شهر تهران (بر ...
بیشتر
این پژوهش در پی تبیین نیازهای آموزشی شهروندان تهرانی بر اساس هدف اصلی "شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی نیازهای آموزشی مردم تهران، در زمینة زلزله" انجام گرفته است. این پژوهش از نوع پیمایشی است و جهت تعیین نیازهای آموزشی از روش نیازسنجی مبتنی بر مدل سه‌بُعدی کافمن، گوریکان و جانسون استفاده شده است. جامعة آماری این مطالعه، جمعیت شهر تهران (بر اساس آمار سال 1385، بالغ بر 7797520 نفر) بوده است؛ که از میان آنها 750 نفر نمونه، شامل 700 نفر شهروند با روش تصادفی طبقه‌ای از پنج منطقة شمال، جنوب، شرق، غرب و مرکز تهران و نیز 50 نفر متخصص و مسئول به روش غیراحتمالی و هدفمند، جهت پژوهش انتخاب شده‌اند. پژوهشگران با مراجعه به منابع کتابخانه‌ای و جستجو در سایت‌های اینترنتی مرتبط با امر دفاع غیرنظامی، فهرستی نسبتاً کامل از مصادیق دفاع غیرنظامی جهت آمادگی در برابر زلزله در شهر تهران استنتاج نموده و با استفاده از پرسشنامة محقق‌ساخته در طیف لیکرت (چهارگزینه‌ای) داده‌های موردنیاز را از نمونه‌های آماری گردآوری نموده‌اند. تحلیل اطلاعات جهت نیازسنجی، مقایسة نظرات بین گروه‌ها و اولویت‌بندی نیازها؛ توسط نرم‌افزار SPSSو آزمون فریدمن انجام گرفته است. اولویت‌بندی کلی در میان سه بخش مذکور مشخص نموده که نیازهای آموزشی مربوط به مهارت‌های کاهش آسیب‌پذیری قبل از وقوع زلزله در اولویت اول قرار دارد. علاوه بر این، مقایسة نیازهای آموزشی به تفکیک مشخصات جمعیت‌شناختی (جنسیت، گروه، میزان تحصیلات و منطقة محل سکونت) در این پژوهش نشان‌دهندة آن است که مشخصات مذکور بر نیازهای آموزشی افراد تأثیری ندارند.
