In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Curriculum Studies Association

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Economics Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Economics Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 M.A. of Economic Department, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Increased pollution and environmental degradation due to the unilateral development of the industry is one of the issues of interest from international assemblies, conservation organizations and the prevailing view of environmentalists. This, despite the great influence on the economic growth and development of the regions, has created a great deal of danger for the inhabitants of the planet and destroyed the environment by reducing the fertility of the environment. But the expressed view, with the view of development economists, that it is said that in the early stages of development, it is accompanied by a deterioration in the environment, but then reaches a certain level of growth, and at this point, growth tends to improve in the environment (U-inversion hypothesis), especially for developing countries like Iran, and the same, researchers have discussed the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Iran and the confirmation or rejection of the U-inversion Kuznets hypothesis, with application Indicators of industrialization, economic status, and energy consumption during the period from 1365 to 1395;The results of the estimation of the research model confirm the Kuznets hypothesis in Iran, as well as the significance of the role of industrialization of the country and energy consumption (in reverse) and And the lack of influence of the education indicator (in a current manner) in improving the quality of the environment.

Keywords

Al-Mulali U. and Ozturk I. (2015). “The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmentaldegradation in the MENA Region”. Energy, 84, 382–9.
Apergis, N. and Ozturk I. (2015). “Testing environmental Kuznets hypothesis in Asian countries”. Ecol Indic, 52,16–22.
Azomahou, M. and Theophile, T. (2009). “A structural nonparametric reappraisal of the C02 emission – income relationship". UNU-MERIT Working Papers.
Bekhet H, Matar A. and Yasmin T. (2017). “CO2 emission, energy consumption, economic growth, and financial development in GCC countries: Dynamic simultaneous equation models”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 117 – 132.
Chase-Dunn, Ch. and Jorgenson Andrew, K. (2003). “Systems of cities. In: McNicoll Geoffrey, Demeny Paul, editors". Encyclopedia of population. New York: McMillan; 2003. 140–144.
Environmental Protection Agency. (2004). “Collection of Environmental Laws and Regulations of Iran”, Tehran: Environmental Organization Publications. [In Persian]
Fetres, M.H., Ferdowsi, M. and Mehrpima, H. (2011). “Investigating the Impact of Energy Intensity and Urban Development on Environmental Destruction in Iran”, Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(60), 22-23.[In Persian]
Frankel, J. and Romer, D. (2009). “Does Trade Cause Growth?” Am. Econ. Rev. Vol. 89, 379 – 399.
Grossman, G.M. and Krueger, A.B. (1991). “Environmental impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement”, NBER Working Paper, No. 3914.
Grossman, G.M. and Krueger, A.B. (1995). “Economic environment and the economic growth”. Q JEcon 1995, 110, 353–77.
https://www.ipcc.ch/reports/ar4/wg1/
Khosh aklagh, R. and Dalali Esfahani, R. (2011). “Kuznets Environmental Curve Analysis Using Environmental Quality Process Included in Household Consumer Basket Selection”, Journal of Economic Modeling Research, 2(6), 85- 105.
Luck, G. W. (2007). “A review of the relationship between human population density andbiodiversity”. Biol Rev, No 84, 607–645.
Ma, J.F., Yang, F., Mahida, S.N., Zhao, L., Chen, X., Zhang, M.L., Sun, Z., Yao, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhang, G.Y., Dong, J., Feng, M.J., Zhang, R., Sun, J., Li, S., Wang, Q.S., Cao, H., Benjamin, E.J., Ellinor, P.T., Li, Y.G. & Tian, X.L. (2016), "TBX5 mutations contribute to early-onset atrial fibrillation in Chiese and Caucasians” Cardiovascular Research, 109(3), 442-50
Managi S, Fujii H & Kaneko S. (2013). Decomposition analysis of air pollution abatement in China: an empirical study for ten industrial sectors from 1998 to 2009 ”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 22 -31.
Masnan Mozaffari, M. and Sabouhi, M. (2013). “Investigation of Kuznets Environmental Curve in Iran Using Simultaneous Equation System”, Environmental Science and Technology, 15(3), 75-80. [In Persian]
Motaghi, S. (2017). “Comparative Analysis of Kuznets' Hypothesis in the Group of Selected Developing Countries (With Emphasis on Development Indices)”, Quarterly Journal of Economic Modeling Research, 8(30), 219-244.[In Persian]
Mozaiani, A.H. and Morad Fahd N., “Investigating the Impacts of Economic Growth and Environmental Quality on Health”, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 14(1),17 – 30. [In Persian]
Oshin, S. and Ogundipe, A. (2015). “An empirical examination of environmental Kuznets curve(EKC) in West Africa”. Eur-Asian J Econ Finance, 3(1), 18–28.
Ozturk, I. and Acaravci, A. (2010). “energy consumption and economic growth inTurkey”. Renew Sustain Energy.14, 3220–5.
Panayotou, T. (1993), "Empirical tests and policy analysis of development”, ILOTechnologyand Employment Programme Working Paper, WP238.
Phetras, M. H., Ferdowsi, M. and Mehpayma, H. (2011). ”Investigating the effect of energy intensity and urbanization on environmental degradation in Iran”, Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(60), 22-13. [In Persian]
Rees, W.E. (1992).“ Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out”. Environ Urban, 4, 121–30.
Roberts, T. and Grimes, P. (1997). “Carbon Intensity and Economic Development 1962 – 91: A Brief Exploration of the Environmental Kuznets Curve”. World Development, 25(2), 191 – 198.
Saboori, B., Sulaiman, J. and Mohd, S. (2012). "Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia:a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve". Energy, 51,184–91.
Samadi, S. and Yarmohammadian, N. (2011). “Estimation of Kuznets Environmental Curve by Fractional Cointegration Method”, Journal of Environmental and Energy Economics, 2(5), 129 – 152.
Schmalensee, R. and Joskow, P. (1998). “The Political Economy of Market-Based Environmental Policy: The U.S. Acid Rain Program” , Journal of Law and Economics, 41(1), 37 – 83.
 Selden, T. and Song, D. (1994), “Environmental quality and development: is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions?”. J Environ Econ Manag, 27,147–62.
Shafik, N. (1994). Economic development and environmental quality: An econometric analysis. Oxford Economic Papers; 46, Oct. Special Issue on Environmental Economics, 757–773.
Shafik, N. and Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). “Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross-country evidence”. Background paper for the world development report. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1992.
Shahbaz, M., Lean, H.H. and Shabbir, M.S. (2012). “Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: cointegration and Granger causality”. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16(29), 47–53.
Sharma, S. (2011). Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: “Empirical Evidence frome 69 Countries”. Applied Energy, Vol 88, 376 – 382.
World development indicators. (2014). Washington, DC: World Bank; 2014; (b) Pao HT, Tsai CM. Modeling and forecasting the CO2 emissions, energyconsumption, and economic growth in Brazil. Energy.36, 2450–8.