Payame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Fitting the Structural Relationship Between Uses of Home Appliance with Sustainable Water Consumption Based on Attitude and Environmental Knowledge: The Mediating Role of Behavioral IntentionFitting the Structural Relationship Between Uses of Home Appliance with Sustainable Water Consumption Based on Attitude and Environmental Knowledge: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Intention925988110.30473/ee.2023.61021.2425FAGhasemZareiAssociate Professor. in Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, IraForoozanGhazaeiMSc Student in Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, IranArazRashedi ZahraMSc Student in Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, IranJournal Article20211113<br />This study aimed to investigate the role of environmental knowledge and attitudes toward sustainable consumption with behavioral intention and the use of household appliances with sustainable water consumption of women in Ardabil City in the winter of 2020. The research method is descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was women over 20 years old and users of household appliances in Ardabil. The data collection method is field type and data collection tools include a standard questionnaire of environmental knowledge of Pacho and Lavrador (2017), the attitude towards sustainable water consumption of Ahmad and Arfin (2018), the sustainable water consumption behavior of Kang. (2017) and the intention to purchase of a device with sustainable water consumption of Nguyen. (2016).in order to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient were used, which indicated the reliability (above 80% and above 70%) of all research components.384 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results indicate that environmental knowledge affects the behavior of sustainable water consumption but does not affect the use of household appliances with sustainable water consumption. the attitude towards sustainable water consumption has a significant effect on the intention to use home appliances with sustainable water consumption and sustainable water consumption, and finally, the intention to use home appliances with sustainable water consumption has a significant effect on sustainable water consumption behavior.<br />This study aimed to investigate the role of environmental knowledge and attitudes toward sustainable consumption with behavioral intention and the use of household appliances with sustainable water consumption of women in Ardabil City in the winter of 2020. The research method is descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was women over 20 years old and users of household appliances in Ardabil. The data collection method is field type and data collection tools include a standard questionnaire of environmental knowledge of Pacho and Lavrador (2017), the attitude towards sustainable water consumption of Ahmad and Arfin (2018), the sustainable water consumption behavior of Kang. (2017) and the intention to purchase of a device with sustainable water consumption of Nguyen. (2016).in order to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient were used, which indicated the reliability (above 80% and above 70%) of all research components.384 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results indicate that environmental knowledge affects the behavior of sustainable water consumption but does not affect the use of household appliances with sustainable water consumption. the attitude towards sustainable water consumption has a significant effect on the intention to use home appliances with sustainable water consumption and sustainable water consumption, and finally, the intention to use home appliances with sustainable water consumption has a significant effect on sustainable water consumption behavior.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9881_35d14f42fe236c2e6b5167d774171114.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Perception of Cultural Services in Anzali WetlandPerception of Cultural Services in Anzali Wetland27481070210.30473/ee.2023.65533.2568FAFahimehEshghiM.A in Art Research, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranRezaAfhamiAssociate Professor, Art Research Group, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranAfshinDanehkarProfessor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranRoghayyehGarmaeepourPh.D. Student, Environment Vroup, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20221220Because biological diversity and cultural diversity, while independent of one another, reinforce one another and because cultural services are a significant factor in raising the quality of life and human well-being, a correct understanding of all ecosystem services, but especially of cultural services, is necessary for the protection and sustainable exploitation of natural ecosystems. One of Iran's most significant natural ecosystems is Anzali Lagoon, and through contact with its neighbors, traditions, and lifestyles exclusive to this water body have developed, giving the locals a sense of culture and identity. Aiming to provide a basis for the development of regional culture and, by extension, appreciation and conservation of this natural environment, the present study aims to assess how marginal people of Anzali Wetland perceive its cultural services. Fieldwork and library research were both used for this project. A questionnaire with 109 descriptive statements and a 7-point Likert scale was created based on the categorization of the millennium ecosystem of cultural services and the perceptual territory for each. It was sent to 100 persons from 18 settlements around the wetland. Experts confirmed the questionnaire's validity; Cronbach's alpha revealed the questionnaire's reliability to be 0.99; and inferential analysis was conducted using the sign test. The findings revealed that perceptions of aesthetics and sense of place are highest, of knowledge systems, recreation, and ecotourism are middle, and of the remaining cultural services, perceptions are lowest.Because biological diversity and cultural diversity, while independent of one another, reinforce one another and because cultural services are a significant factor in raising the quality of life and human well-being, a correct understanding of all ecosystem services, but especially of cultural services, is necessary for the protection and sustainable exploitation of natural ecosystems. One of Iran's most significant natural ecosystems is Anzali Lagoon, and through contact with its neighbors, traditions, and lifestyles exclusive to this water body have developed, giving the locals a sense of culture and identity. Aiming to provide a basis for the development of regional culture and, by extension, appreciation and conservation of this natural environment, the present study aims to assess how marginal people of Anzali Wetland perceive its cultural services. Fieldwork and library research were both used for this project. A questionnaire with 109 descriptive statements and a 7-point Likert scale was created based on the categorization of the millennium ecosystem of cultural services and the perceptual territory for each. It was sent to 100 persons from 18 settlements around the wetland. Experts confirmed the questionnaire's validity; Cronbach's alpha revealed the questionnaire's reliability to be 0.99; and inferential analysis was conducted using the sign test. The findings revealed that perceptions of aesthetics and sense of place are highest, of knowledge systems, recreation, and ecotourism are middle, and of the remaining cultural services, perceptions are lowest.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10702_9758156c75ce3a1c38dea51b28f75aa2.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Identifying and Validating the Concepts of Environmental Ethics from the Qur’an Perspective: A Case Study of the Villagers in Naghadeh CountyIdentifying and Validating the Concepts of Environmental Ethics from the Qur’an Perspective: A Case Study of the Villagers in Naghadeh County49681070810.30473/ee.2024.63035.2482FAHamzehHajiAssistant Professor, Department of Quranic Sciences & Hadith, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranLatifHajiPh.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20220611Despite the growing interest in investigating the role of religious beliefs in environmental protection, there is not enough research into the analysis of divine messages. Therefore, the present study tries to fill this gap by identifying and validating the concepts of environmental ethics from the Qur'anic perspective. In this research, a combined approach (sequential exploratory design) was used. In the qualitative part, to identify the concepts of environmental ethics from the Qur'anic perspective, content analysis was used based on the interpretation approach. In this part, the research implementation process consisted of interviews with seven experts in theology and Islamic studies who were selected by snowball sampling. Then, in the quantitative part, based on the concepts of the qualitative part, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the study population. The study population consisted of villagers in Naghadeh County (N = 36760), and 379 of them were selected using a stratified random sampling method. A panel of experts determined the content validity of the research instrument. To determine validity, the content validity ratio and content validity index were used, both of which were acceptable (over 0.7). Also, the reliability of the research instrument was determined using Cronbach's alpha (0.83). Exploratory factor analysis was used in the quantitative part to summarize the concepts. According to the results, the concepts of Qur'anic ethics of the environment were classified under the six general concepts of "trusteeship," "thanksgiving," "land reclamation," "justice," "perfectionism," and "respect." Second-order confirmatory factor analysis was also used to validate each of the concepts. In the end, suggestions were made to strengthen the values and principles of Islamic ethics toward environmental protection.Despite the growing interest in investigating the role of religious beliefs in environmental protection, there is not enough research into the analysis of divine messages. Therefore, the present study tries to fill this gap by identifying and validating the concepts of environmental ethics from the Qur'anic perspective. In this research, a combined approach (sequential exploratory design) was used. In the qualitative part, to identify the concepts of environmental ethics from the Qur'anic perspective, content analysis was used based on the interpretation approach. In this part, the research implementation process consisted of interviews with seven experts in theology and Islamic studies who were selected by snowball sampling. Then, in the quantitative part, based on the concepts of the qualitative part, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the study population. The study population consisted of villagers in Naghadeh County (N = 36760), and 379 of them were selected using a stratified random sampling method. A panel of experts determined the content validity of the research instrument. To determine validity, the content validity ratio and content validity index were used, both of which were acceptable (over 0.7). Also, the reliability of the research instrument was determined using Cronbach's alpha (0.83). Exploratory factor analysis was used in the quantitative part to summarize the concepts. According to the results, the concepts of Qur'anic ethics of the environment were classified under the six general concepts of "trusteeship," "thanksgiving," "land reclamation," "justice," "perfectionism," and "respect." Second-order confirmatory factor analysis was also used to validate each of the concepts. In the end, suggestions were made to strengthen the values and principles of Islamic ethics toward environmental protection.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10708_2c90dea740d49d1bc527b80bafd6c7c4.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220The Role of Green Human Resources Management on Environmentally Friendly Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Environmental Performance at the UniversityThe Role of Green Human Resources Management on Environmentally Friendly Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Environmental Performance at the University69831070910.30473/ee.2023.64604.2545FANargesGhaderiM.Sc., Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, IranSakinehJafariAssociate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan UniversityMajidMohammadyAssociate Prof., Department of natural resources, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20220721The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of green human resources management on environmentally friendly organizational citizenship behavior and the environmental performance of Semnan University employees. This study is applied research in terms of the purpose and is a type of descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of the study included all employees of Semnan University (550 people) in the academic year 2020-2021. Using the instructions for determining the sample size of Mueller (1999), 234 people (165 women and 69 men) were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The study instrument consisted of standard questionnaires on green human resource management, citizen behavior of an organization supporting the environment, and environmental performance of the university. The content validity was confirmed by experts in this field. To determine the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha test was used, the value of which is equal to 0.80 for measures of creating green competence, 0.72 for methods of strengthening green motivation, and 0.78 for methods of green employee participation, for the organizational citizen in relation to the environment, it was equal to 0.85, and for the environmental performance of the university, it was equal to 0.91. The data were analyzed via correlation and path analysis methods and SPSS and LISREL software. The findings (results) showed that there is a relationship between environmental performance with dimensions of green human resources management (competence development, strengthening motivation, employee participation) and environmentally friendly organizational citizenship behavior. Competence development, increasing green employee motivation, and increasing employee participation have a direct effect on the university's environmental performance. Competence development, increasing green employee motivation, and increasing employee participation have an indirect influence on the environmental performance of the university through the mediation of environmentally friendly organizational citizen behavior. The results of this study indicate the importance of the role of green human resources management in increasing environmentally friendly organizational citizenship behavior and, consequently, increasing the environmental performance of the university.The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of green human resources management on environmentally friendly organizational citizenship behavior and the environmental performance of Semnan University employees. This study is applied research in terms of the purpose and is a type of descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of the study included all employees of Semnan University (550 people) in the academic year 2020-2021. Using the instructions for determining the sample size of Mueller (1999), 234 people (165 women and 69 men) were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The study instrument consisted of standard questionnaires on green human resource management, citizen behavior of an organization supporting the environment, and environmental performance of the university. The content validity was confirmed by experts in this field. To determine the reliability of the scales, Cronbach's alpha test was used, the value of which is equal to 0.80 for measures of creating green competence, 0.72 for methods of strengthening green motivation, and 0.78 for methods of green employee participation, for the organizational citizen in relation to the environment, it was equal to 0.85, and for the environmental performance of the university, it was equal to 0.91. The data were analyzed via correlation and path analysis methods and SPSS and LISREL software. The findings (results) showed that there is a relationship between environmental performance with dimensions of green human resources management (competence development, strengthening motivation, employee participation) and environmentally friendly organizational citizenship behavior. Competence development, increasing green employee motivation, and increasing employee participation have a direct effect on the university's environmental performance. Competence development, increasing green employee motivation, and increasing employee participation have an indirect influence on the environmental performance of the university through the mediation of environmentally friendly organizational citizen behavior. The results of this study indicate the importance of the role of green human resources management in increasing environmentally friendly organizational citizenship behavior and, consequently, increasing the environmental performance of the university.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10709_ba6d7c13e51816951d57b07c97088fc8.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Stakeholder Engagement for the Development of Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Field of Urban Recycling: A Meta-Synthesis ApproachStakeholder Engagement for the Development of Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Field of Urban Recycling: A Meta-Synthesis Approach851011045410.30473/ee.2023.64025.2527FARezaShariatPh.D. Student in Entrepreneurship (Development), Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, IranKamalSakhdariAssociate Professor. Department of Entrepreneurship, Tehran University, Tehran, IranMaryamLarijani3Associate Professor. Department of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220606Stakeholder engagement is a new solution that can create innovation regarding the sustainability of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Stakeholders play a vital role in providing innovative products and services for environmental sustainability by sustainable entrepreneurs. The purpose of this research is to examine studies related to the stakeholder’s contribution to the development of sustainable environmental entrepreneurship. This research was implemented using the Meta-analysis method of the Sandelowski & Barroso model. After searching in the reliable databases based on the determined criteria, 22 articles were selected. In this research, the codes are categorized in the form of 10 concepts and three categories. Based on the findings of the research, stakeholder engagement drivers in the development of sustainable businesses included the common goals and interests between stakeholders, networking between them, and government environmental policies. Engagement results manifested as creating social, economic and environmental values and promoting the environmental sustainability culture in the society. Also, the stakeholder engagement process included four stages of identifying and categorizing stakeholders, managing stakeholders, determining communication strategies, promoting and educating the environmental sustainability culture among stakeholders, and monitoring stakeholders.Stakeholder engagement is a new solution that can create innovation regarding the sustainability of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Stakeholders play a vital role in providing innovative products and services for environmental sustainability by sustainable entrepreneurs. The purpose of this research is to examine studies related to the stakeholder’s contribution to the development of sustainable environmental entrepreneurship. This research was implemented using the Meta-analysis method of the Sandelowski & Barroso model. After searching in the reliable databases based on the determined criteria, 22 articles were selected. In this research, the codes are categorized in the form of 10 concepts and three categories. Based on the findings of the research, stakeholder engagement drivers in the development of sustainable businesses included the common goals and interests between stakeholders, networking between them, and government environmental policies. Engagement results manifested as creating social, economic and environmental values and promoting the environmental sustainability culture in the society. Also, the stakeholder engagement process included four stages of identifying and categorizing stakeholders, managing stakeholders, determining communication strategies, promoting and educating the environmental sustainability culture among stakeholders, and monitoring stakeholders.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10454_fc07c3ed04f14e409f47861d33216513.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Meta-analysis Studies of Environmental Education in Iran from 2016-2020Meta-analysis Studies of Environmental Education in Iran from 2016-20201031281071010.30473/ee.2024.59319.2372FAMajidErshadiPh.D. Student of Curriculum, Branch Tehran North, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFereshteAfkariAssistant Professor, Curriculum, Branch Tehran North, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMajidAliasgariAssociate Professor, Curriculum, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220106
According to the increasing amount of research in the field of environmental education, in this article, we tried to collect the preliminary results of research and combine these results to express a consistent view of the effectiveness of the environmental education meta-analytical research method. Its statistical population is 25,003 postgraduate dissertations and scientific research articles. The selected statistical sample related to environmental education based on curriculum elements is 138 articles in different years, of which 57 articles were selected in 2016-2020. Excel software was used to report and record the information required to provide the required information from the worksheet designed by the researcher. The reliability of the research was obtained through the contrast of research findings. The analysis of the findings is based on Roberts' six-step pattern, which is consistent with the elements of the curriculum used, using open and axial coding methods. Based on the findings, because environmental education develops awareness and increases environmental sensitivity, it is the most important method in educating individuals in identifying and dealing with environmental problems. Environmental Education is influenced by these seven factors: Assessment, education method, formal education, informal education, public education, and lifelong education and sustainable development. The results in most of the studies suggest the effectiveness of informal education over formal education. In recent years, environmental education has been considered more important in all cases and for all groups. So, environmental education is essential to society in general.
According to the increasing amount of research in the field of environmental education, in this article, we tried to collect the preliminary results of research and combine these results to express a consistent view of the effectiveness of the environmental education meta-analytical research method. Its statistical population is 25,003 postgraduate dissertations and scientific research articles. The selected statistical sample related to environmental education based on curriculum elements is 138 articles in different years, of which 57 articles were selected in 2016-2020. Excel software was used to report and record the information required to provide the required information from the worksheet designed by the researcher. The reliability of the research was obtained through the contrast of research findings. The analysis of the findings is based on Roberts' six-step pattern, which is consistent with the elements of the curriculum used, using open and axial coding methods. Based on the findings, because environmental education develops awareness and increases environmental sensitivity, it is the most important method in educating individuals in identifying and dealing with environmental problems. Environmental Education is influenced by these seven factors: Assessment, education method, formal education, informal education, public education, and lifelong education and sustainable development. The results in most of the studies suggest the effectiveness of informal education over formal education. In recent years, environmental education has been considered more important in all cases and for all groups. So, environmental education is essential to society in general.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10710_ef72468550ceea708a2cf374c9bf82c9.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Pathology of the Fifth and Sixth Development Plans in the Water SectorPathology of the Fifth and Sixth Development Plans in the Water Sector1291441071110.30473/ee.2023.65697.2570FALeilaBonyadPh.D. in Sociology-Economic Development and Researcher of the Water and Environment Think Tank of Sharif University of TechnologyAkbarZare ShahabadiAssociate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, IranJournal Article20221125The aim of the current research was to analyze the discourse of upstream water documents in the time period (2011-2015) (2017-2021). Its statistical population consists of eleven documents from upstream water resources that were compiled in this period of time. The method of the present study is the analysis of discourse by Laclau and Mouffe method and an attempt has been made to answer these three questions; What was the dominant discourse on the documents upstream of water? What have been the central signifiers, discourse components, a chain of equivalence, and the ruling otherness that represents this discourse? And what theory has been used to explain the discourse governing these documents? The analysis of these documents showed that the main discourse governing this period was environmental discourse, which is the main signifier and point of these documents and indicates the adoption of an environmental approach to natural resources. This discourse manifests itself in the othering the discourse of Sustainable development in these documents and the main and floating signifiers such as the discourse hegemony of reducing natural hazards and paying attention to the environment, education and promotion of agricultural and environmental development, attention to the environmental effects of actions, education and promotion of agricultural and environmental development, attention to the environmental effects of actions, attention to innovations in agriculture, regulating environmental activities, and granting and investing facilities in the agricultural sector has been a confirmation of this discourse, which is approved through equivalence signs such as encouraging investors to invest in projects, paying attention to climate-friendly technologies, developing green transportation.The aim of the current research was to analyze the discourse of upstream water documents in the time period (2011-2015) (2017-2021). Its statistical population consists of eleven documents from upstream water resources that were compiled in this period of time. The method of the present study is the analysis of discourse by Laclau and Mouffe method and an attempt has been made to answer these three questions; What was the dominant discourse on the documents upstream of water? What have been the central signifiers, discourse components, a chain of equivalence, and the ruling otherness that represents this discourse? And what theory has been used to explain the discourse governing these documents? The analysis of these documents showed that the main discourse governing this period was environmental discourse, which is the main signifier and point of these documents and indicates the adoption of an environmental approach to natural resources. This discourse manifests itself in the othering the discourse of Sustainable development in these documents and the main and floating signifiers such as the discourse hegemony of reducing natural hazards and paying attention to the environment, education and promotion of agricultural and environmental development, attention to the environmental effects of actions, education and promotion of agricultural and environmental development, attention to the environmental effects of actions, attention to innovations in agriculture, regulating environmental activities, and granting and investing facilities in the agricultural sector has been a confirmation of this discourse, which is approved through equivalence signs such as encouraging investors to invest in projects, paying attention to climate-friendly technologies, developing green transportation.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10711_d0431a61a37cfc88ddfbfa4eccb92a16.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Protective Behavior Analysis of Gardeners in Zanjan County: A Development on the Health Belief ModelProtective Behavior Analysis of Gardeners in Zanjan County: A Development on the Health Belief Model145164988210.30473/ee.2023.61558.2436FARoyaKaramiAssistant Professors, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranSaharTabibianAssistant Professors, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranNasrinAhmadiMSc. students in Rural Development, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranTaherehSharghiAssistant Professors, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211109Preserving and developing human resources in high-risk agricultural environments requires observing agricultural safety principles. In this regard, understanding the protective behavior of gardeners with emphasis on the role of health belief model components in explaining the formation of protective behavior of gardeners in Zanjan city through the impact of knowledge on attitude has been selected as the purpose of this study. The study was conducted using the applied purpose and descriptive correlation method. The study population is gardeners in Zanjan city. The number of samples was calculated according to Cochran's formula of 293 people, and sampling was done using a stratified multistage sampling method. This survey research was conducted using a questionnaire, and its validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed. The results of this study showed that gardeners usually wear appropriate clothing and shoes as protective equipment when working with chemicals, but other personal protective equipment such as masks, hats, gloves, and goggles are less considered. Also, although gardeners have moderate to little knowledge of conservation behavior, there is a relatively good attitude towards the need to take preventive measures, which facilitates the implementation of the training program and its acceptance. Test of study hypotheses showed that 41% of the variance of gardeners' attitudes about preventive behaviors is formed under the influence of their knowledge. Further, the effect of attitude on all components of health belief is significant and explains almost half of the variability in perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and practice guide. Path analysis indicates the explanation of 58% of changes in protective behavior based on the predicted model. Therefore, education, in addition to increasing knowledge and influencing attitudes, could affect gardeners' understanding of protective behaviors and provide the ground for implementing gardeners' safe behaviors.Preserving and developing human resources in high-risk agricultural environments requires observing agricultural safety principles. In this regard, understanding the protective behavior of gardeners with emphasis on the role of health belief model components in explaining the formation of protective behavior of gardeners in Zanjan city through the impact of knowledge on attitude has been selected as the purpose of this study. The study was conducted using the applied purpose and descriptive correlation method. The study population is gardeners in Zanjan city. The number of samples was calculated according to Cochran's formula of 293 people, and sampling was done using a stratified multistage sampling method. This survey research was conducted using a questionnaire, and its validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed. The results of this study showed that gardeners usually wear appropriate clothing and shoes as protective equipment when working with chemicals, but other personal protective equipment such as masks, hats, gloves, and goggles are less considered. Also, although gardeners have moderate to little knowledge of conservation behavior, there is a relatively good attitude towards the need to take preventive measures, which facilitates the implementation of the training program and its acceptance. Test of study hypotheses showed that 41% of the variance of gardeners' attitudes about preventive behaviors is formed under the influence of their knowledge. Further, the effect of attitude on all components of health belief is significant and explains almost half of the variability in perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and practice guide. Path analysis indicates the explanation of 58% of changes in protective behavior based on the predicted model. Therefore, education, in addition to increasing knowledge and influencing attitudes, could affect gardeners' understanding of protective behaviors and provide the ground for implementing gardeners' safe behaviors.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9882_4244fd7a664d3f05ad9be54ac0e70657.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Factors Affecting Sustainable Development in MountaineeringFactors Affecting Sustainable Development in Mountaineering1651831071210.30473/ee.2024.58457.2354FAHamidNaseriPh.D. Student, Sport Management Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.ParivashNourbakhshProfessor, Sport Management Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranMehdiKohandelAssociate Professor, Sport Management Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.AbbasKhodayariAssociate Professor, Sport Management Department, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20210702The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering. The research method is exploratory and applied in terms of its purpose, and 150 mountaineers from the centers of the northwestern provinces of the country were selected by purposive sampling. The face and content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of experts, and its constructive validity was confirmed by factor analysis based on structural equation modeling. Based on orthogonal rotational heuristic factor analysis, 34 items were categorized into eight factors that accounted for 52.44 of the variance of sustainable development. It is noteworthy that the results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients supported the eight-factor structure of the 34-item questionnaire and confirmed its validity and reliability. The results of this study and the extractive dimensions of the tool show the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering sports and the results also can help mountaineers to pay more attention to some of the aspects of sustainable development in mountaineering and mountainous areas.The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering. The research method is exploratory and applied in terms of its purpose, and 150 mountaineers from the centers of the northwestern provinces of the country were selected by purposive sampling. The face and content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of experts, and its constructive validity was confirmed by factor analysis based on structural equation modeling. Based on orthogonal rotational heuristic factor analysis, 34 items were categorized into eight factors that accounted for 52.44 of the variance of sustainable development. It is noteworthy that the results of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients supported the eight-factor structure of the 34-item questionnaire and confirmed its validity and reliability. The results of this study and the extractive dimensions of the tool show the factors affecting sustainable development in mountaineering sports and the results also can help mountaineers to pay more attention to some of the aspects of sustainable development in mountaineering and mountainous areas.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10712_bc56a6e4290040ae9c622e33f718f0ec.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Evaluation of Suitable Decision-making Methods to Select the Best Method for Parishan Wetland Restoration ManagementEvaluation of Suitable Decision-making Methods to Select the Best Method for Parishan Wetland Restoration Management185199988310.30473/ee.2023.63378.2500FABaharehSamadi KuchaksaraeiResearcher, Department of fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranKamranRezaei TavabeAssociate Professor, Department of fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranPooryaGholamzadehPh.D. Student of Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranHamidZohrabiAssistant Professor, Environmental Protection Administration of Fars Province, Shiraz, IranNabiollahMoradiM.Sc. in Environmental Sciences, Environmental Protection Administration of Fars Province, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20220625Irregular agriculture and frequent droughts are the most important causes of drought in Parishan International Wetland. In order to restore this wetland, management actions are required, and the role of local communities and their participation in this serious matter will be very important. The purpose of this study is to identify the correct management option for the restoration of the Parishan wetland and to measure the level of participation and awareness of local communities in implementing the ecological approach. The target community is local communities living in the villages of Parishan Basin. A questionnaire was provided for social study, and to select the best decision-making option, SWOT and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used. In AHP, three criteria and three options were considered. Surveys of local communities showed that the attitude of the people of the region towards the restoration of the wetland and water transfer is positive, and 70% of the local people are willing to cooperate in the cases of changing the pattern of cultivation and applying restrictions. However, they do not want to close their wells. However, the ecological values of the wetlands are still unknown to them, and they need education. According to the SWOT method, the research strategy will be the diversity strategy (ST). According to the AHP, the most important criterion is environmental characteristics, and the most important option is agricultural management and then water transfer from Nargesi dam.Irregular agriculture and frequent droughts are the most important causes of drought in Parishan International Wetland. In order to restore this wetland, management actions are required, and the role of local communities and their participation in this serious matter will be very important. The purpose of this study is to identify the correct management option for the restoration of the Parishan wetland and to measure the level of participation and awareness of local communities in implementing the ecological approach. The target community is local communities living in the villages of Parishan Basin. A questionnaire was provided for social study, and to select the best decision-making option, SWOT and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used. In AHP, three criteria and three options were considered. Surveys of local communities showed that the attitude of the people of the region towards the restoration of the wetland and water transfer is positive, and 70% of the local people are willing to cooperate in the cases of changing the pattern of cultivation and applying restrictions. However, they do not want to close their wells. However, the ecological values of the wetlands are still unknown to them, and they need education. According to the SWOT method, the research strategy will be the diversity strategy (ST). According to the AHP, the most important criterion is environmental characteristics, and the most important option is agricultural management and then water transfer from Nargesi dam.https://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9883_31e8217a17b623c0a5af51eac4018de6.pdfPayame Noor UniversityJournals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development2322-305712220240220Barriers Preventing Ilam University to Become a Green University from the Perspective of Faculty Members and StudentsBarriers Preventing Ilam University to Become a Green University from the Perspective of Faculty Members and Students2012231071310.30473/ee.2023.66176.2581FANasimRoshaniPh.D. student in Agricultural Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of KhuzestanMasoudYazdanpanahProfessor of Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanBahmanKhosravipourProfessor of Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanMaryamTajeri MoghadamPh.D. in Agricultural Development, Rural Extension and Development Department, Tabriz UniversityTaherehZobeidiResearch Assistant, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.Journal Article20221125Today, most universities do not fully implement sustainable practices because there are barriers to their becoming green universities. Identifying the barriers on the way to the operationalization of sustainability in universities is very crucial because if the existing barriers are not identified, corrective measures cannot be taken to deal with them. The purpose of this research was to discover the barriers facing Ilam University in becoming a green university based on a case study research. The participants were 16 faculty members and 15 students of Ilam University who were selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from the semi-structured interview were coded and analyzed in the form of 140 concepts and 10 categories. Budget-oriented, cultural-social, educational, research, managerial, bureaucratic, infrastructural and strategic, psychological-attitudinal, human, environmental management and individual barriers were identified as barriers for Ilam University to become a green university. The results of this research can provide mechanisms and strategies to overcome these barriers and be useful for other universities considering their transition to sustainability. Some of the solutions this research recommends are attracting financial resources and income generation, increasing educational programs and empowering employees and students, promoting institutional commitment, and increasing research and cooperation related to environmental issues. In the end, the successful implementation of the Green Campus at Ilam University will be realized only with the combined efforts of all stakeholdersToday, most universities do not fully implement sustainable practices because there are barriers to their becoming green universities. Identifying the barriers on the way to the operationalization of sustainability in universities is very crucial because if the existing barriers are not identified, corrective measures cannot be taken to deal with them. The purpose of this research was to discover the barriers facing Ilam University in becoming a green university based on a case study research. The participants were 16 faculty members and 15 students of Ilam University who were selected through purposive sampling. The data collected from the semi-structured interview were coded and analyzed in the form of 140 concepts and 10 categories. Budget-oriented, cultural-social, educational, research, managerial, bureaucratic, infrastructural and strategic, psychological-attitudinal, human, environmental management and individual barriers were identified as barriers for Ilam University to become a green university. The results of this research can provide mechanisms and strategies to overcome these barriers and be useful for other universities considering their transition to sustainability. Some of the solutions this research recommends are attracting financial resources and income generation, increasing educational programs and empowering employees and students, promoting institutional commitment, and increasing research and cooperation related to environmental issues. In the end, the successful implementation of the Green Campus at Ilam University will be realized only with the combined efforts of all stakeholdershttps://ee.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10713_bcd402d18fc78c240c72cd86a5151793.pdf