Journal Environmental Education and Sustainable Development

Ecology criticism or “ecocriticism” can be considered as the study of relationships between literature and environment and quality of the reflection of human’s relationship with his physical environment. In this critique, the two-way relationship between the poet and the writer with nature and the effect of natural manifestations on their soul and live will be examined.In this article, in order to answer to this question that “what effect have had the temporal environments surrounding the poems on their poets?” studies the content and main theme of Environmental poems of the poets and explain their differences and common aspects according to literature and environment. In this research, in terms of purpose, practical and in terms of collection method, descriptive-analytical is based on documentary, the following results are obtained:The similarity of the concept of ecosystem and nature-centered from the perspective of ecocriticism among the achievements of the poets, caused by morals and common human nature and the result of the similarity of some of the most influential environmental factors is like 1- the school of romance 2- the unfavorable political and social conditions of society and 3- the influence of the living environment and childhood. In poetry poets have been examined, importance of attention to nature and ecosystem, expression of environmental crisis and consciousness to protect them, led to the use of poetry as an environmental-cultural media.Native identity, utopia, city of escape, drought crisis, pollution of water and soil and air, desertification and not paying attention to the earthquake crisis and the flood and war and etc... are the important similarities of the realm of the environment-axis attitude of the studied poets, and vicinity to the nature, type of the environment and the desirability of utopia are important differences of them.

According to human needs assessment indicators, children have a more limited range of needs than adults. In this regard, the hypothesis is that creating children-friendly environments in urban spaces in addition to increasing satisfaction of children, increases the overall satisfaction of urban spaces and, consequently, urban sustainability. At first, the components of satisfaction of adults from urban spaces were obtained based on the research components "Zenker", using the "back translation" tool and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.736. Questionnaires were randomly collected from two parks of Qeytarie and Niavaran from District 1 of Tehran from 90 people in two children playgrounds and a space without children in each park. The results indicate that the overall satisfaction rate in children playground is three times higher than that in the absence of children. The positive role of the presence, vitality and security components proven in earlier studies was achieved. By expanding the child-friendly environment, we have attempted to reach a generation of environmentally friendly children. This important issue in future research can be considered a novel approach in explaining the components of environmental education and sustainable urban development.

Achieving a clean environment along with economic growth and welfare is one of the aspirations of any modern society. Nowadays, researchers have accepted the correlation between the scopes of business and environment because entrepreneurship activities have been acknowledged as a significant driving force for economic, social, and environmental sustainability. A review shows that the entrepreneurship literature has experienced rapid growth, with many developments reported on a broad spectrum of topics. Nevertheless, one of the main concerns of the authors of present contribution is the nexus of entrepreneurship and the environment. Indeed, recognition of research opportunities in relation to the green entrepreneurial orientation concept can largely contribute to the theoretical development and empirical studies in entrepreneurship and environmental science. So in the meantime, the mysterious concept of green entrepreneurial orientation has become a very attractive research topic. In this research, the literature related to the nexus between the fields of entrepreneurship and the environment with a Meta synthesis approach has been studied. Accordingly, in the present article, after a thematic and content review of 141 sources, 25 factors were identified in the form of eight concepts and two categories, the weights were determined by the modified Shannon entropy method. In this regard, the most important factors affecting the entrepreneurial orientation of green businesses are: "Type of industry", "Financial support, rewards and incentives for green entrepreneurial actions", "Social networks", "Green entrepreneurship for economic benefits", "Social norms about the environment" and "Commitment, attention and knowledge of managers or owners to the environment.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the role of sustainable urban development in the social security feeling of citizens. The research method is survey and the data are collected in the field. In the next step, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The opinions of professors and experts have been used to assess the validity of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, which was equal to 0.86. The statistical population included people aged 20 to 54 in Khorramabad, which according to the 2016 census is equal to 70,417 people., and analyzing the results of the questionnaires to examine the impact of sustainable development indicators Urban on the social security of citizens has been investigated and analyzed using regression test to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study indicated that each of the indicators of urban sustainability development (economic, post-social, post-cognitive dimension) had a positive impact on the sense of social security. Finally, we conclude that in general indicators of sustainable urban development on the sense of social security of citizens have an impact.

Increasing concern and increasing attention to public health and environmental issues have led to the emergence and importance of the concept of green products. Given the importance of environmental issues among consumers, it seems necessary to examine the factors affecting their attitudes and intentions to buy green products.Consumers' intention to buy refers to an attitude toward green products to meet the needs of the environment; Which is formed under the influence of perceived green value. Therefore, the present study has aimed at the general role of the value of perceived green in the attitude towards green products and explaining the formation of consumer intentions. This research is in the field of cross-sectional research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of method and time interval of data collection. Consumers of green products in Khorramabad's chain stores (Ofogh korosh, Etka, Shahrovand, Refah, Haft) were selected as the statistical population. Multi-stage cluster sampling was performed in 4 main points of Khorramabad city and finally 360 questionnaires were completed. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was measured by a group of experts and confirmatory factor loads, and the reliability of its variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α> 0.7). Data analysis in this study was performed with spss22 and smart pls3 statistical software. The research findings indicate the positive and significant role of green perceived value and its components include functional value, conditional value, social value and emotional value in the attitude towards buying green products and the intention to buy the consumer.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychological factors affecting the Intention of conservation agricultural behavior of farmers in Sari County based on the Theory of planned behavior model. This research was a descriptive-correlational study (analysis of covariance matrix to test the research model) with the aim of showing the relationship between variables. The population of the study consisted of 30788 farmers in Sari County that 220 were selected through multistage random sampling. Validity of questionnaire was determined through sustainable agricultural experts of Mazandaran County and some faculty members at University of Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources. The reliability was acceptable. Diagnostic validity with using an average variance extracted (AVE) and reliability with using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) were confirmed.  To explain the Effectiveness of psychological factors and the tendency to conservation agricultural behavior from each other, the method of structural equation modeling with LISREL software, version 8.80 has been used. According to the results, psychological factors generally explained 96% of the variance Intention conservation agricultural behavior.When the effects of the three variables of psychological factors were assessed separately on intention of use; the results showed that three variables of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control could explain 66% of the variance in intention of use. In this study, in both models, among the psychological variables, subjective norms were the most effective predictor:  in the first model with 74% factor load and in the second model with 39% factor load. In other words, reference groups and their support and agreement were found to be the most effective factors in the intention to conservation agriculture behavior among farmers of Sari. Therefore, the application of participatory education and extension methods and the impact of community opinion leaders on the credibility of local and technical leaders and sample farmers with farmers on the adoption of conservation agricultural technologies are undeniable.

Considering the establishment of project management engineering in the country by the author, this article focuses on how to design a curriculum and important issues to be considered in the curriculum of civil engineering and project management and its objective is to promote the level of graduates who are not only unaware of the need for sustainable development, but also do not meet the aspirations of industrial organizations, professionals, and academics. This paper is an applied research based on a case study extracted from research findings. To achieve this objective, a review has been conducted to determine the main areas under study in sustainable development and the concept of sustainability in order to be included in the curriculum planning and course titles, and special attention has been paid to the role of civil engineering and project management. Preliminary data were collected using a review of important articles and credible evidence, specifically on studies in two case studies, one on the Civil Engineering and Project Management program at the University of the North East of England and the other in central Italy, which have been successful. The results based on the above research method have led to the design of a table with basic components to be considered in the civil engineering and project management curriculum in the country, which is self-applied and includes a proposed framework in 9 areas and 75 categories for inclusion in the curriculum of the mentioned disciplines as the output of this research.

This research investigated effective factors on carbon management in higher education institutions based on the viewpoint of managers (official and educational). The present quantitative research is a descriptive-correlational research which the data is collected by the use of questionnaire with five-point Likert scale. The population of research was 175 administrators in Razi University who were surveyed using the census method. The result illustrates that the significant Razi University measures on carbon management were “increasing green spaces and decreasing water consumption” (with average 4.05 and 3.47 of 5) are the effective measures of Razi University in carbon management but university executives has rarely considered cases like “reducing carbon footprint in business and decision-making activities” and “principals of low carbon management in materials and procurement” (with average 2.09 and 1.91 out of 5) that shows the need of enhancing managers’ attitude toward carbon reduction. Indicators that required academic participation and consideration of carbon reduction targets had low average (about 2 out of 5). Furthermore, based on viewpoint of the respondents barriers to carbon management at the university were more related to the human and software dimensions rather than to technical hardware issues. Solutions also underlined the need to internalize the carbon management program in functional processes.at Razi University, there was a top-down view of carbon management which confirms these programs are grammatical. Suggestion for establishing of a carbon management system are presented as academic participation in various matters, considering reduction of carbon footprint in all activities, monitoring, evaluating, reviewing, correcting them.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of instruction using gamification on learning and retention of environmental concepts of 11th grade students. The research method was quasi-experimental and the pre-test-post-test research design was selected with a control group. The statistical population also included all 11th grade male students in Arak who were studying in the academic year 1398-99, of which 52 were selected as the convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 26 controls and experiments. Students in the experimental group were taught by gamification-based training for 12 sessions, while in the control group the training method was performed as usual. A researcher-made learning test was used to collect data. The validity of this test was confirmed by the instructors and experts in the field of education and also its reliability was reported to be 0.82 using the Koder-Richardson 20 method. Repeated measurement Anova was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that education using gamification had a significant effect on students' learning and retention in environmental concepts(p < 0.001). According[1] to the research results, it is suggested that the principles of gamification be used in teaching environmental concepts.

Ecology criticism or “ecocriticism” can be considered as the study of relationships between literature and environment and quality of the reflection of human’s relationship with his physical environment. In this critique, the two-way relationship between the poet and the writer with nature and the effect of natural manifestations on their soul and live will be examined.In this article, in order to answer to this question that “what effect have had the temporal environments surrounding the poems on their poets?” studies the content and main theme of Environmental poems of the poets and explain their differences and common aspects according to literature and environment. In this research, in terms of purpose, practical and in terms of collection method, descriptive-analytical is based on documentary, the following results are obtained:The similarity of the concept of ecosystem and nature-centered from the perspective of ecocriticism among the achievements of the poets, caused by morals and common human nature and the result of the similarity of some of the most influential environmental factors is like 1- the school of romance 2- the unfavorable political and social conditions of society and 3- the influence of the living environment and childhood. In poetry poets have been examined, importance of attention to nature and ecosystem, expression of environmental crisis and consciousness to protect them, led to the use of poetry as an environmental-cultural media.Native identity, utopia, city of escape, drought crisis, pollution of water and soil and air, desertification and not paying attention to the earthquake crisis and the flood and war and etc... are the important similarities of the realm of the environment-axis attitude of the studied poets, and vicinity to the nature, type of the environment and the desirability of utopia are important differences of them.

According to human needs assessment indicators, children have a more limited range of needs than adults. In this regard, the hypothesis is that creating children-friendly environments in urban spaces in addition to increasing satisfaction of children, increases the overall satisfaction of urban spaces and, consequently, urban sustainability. At first, the components of satisfaction of adults from urban spaces were obtained based on the research components "Zenker", using the "back translation" tool and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.736. Questionnaires were randomly collected from two parks of Qeytarie and Niavaran from District 1 of Tehran from 90 people in two children playgrounds and a space without children in each park. The results indicate that the overall satisfaction rate in children playground is three times higher than that in the absence of children. The positive role of the presence, vitality and security components proven in earlier studies was achieved. By expanding the child-friendly environment, we have attempted to reach a generation of environmentally friendly children. This important issue in future research can be considered a novel approach in explaining the components of environmental education and sustainable urban development.

Achieving a clean environment along with economic growth and welfare is one of the aspirations of any modern society. Nowadays, researchers have accepted the correlation between the scopes of business and environment because entrepreneurship activities have been acknowledged as a significant driving force for economic, social, and environmental sustainability. A review shows that the entrepreneurship literature has experienced rapid growth, with many developments reported on a broad spectrum of topics. Nevertheless, one of the main concerns of the authors of present contribution is the nexus of entrepreneurship and the environment. Indeed, recognition of research opportunities in relation to the green entrepreneurial orientation concept can largely contribute to the theoretical development and empirical studies in entrepreneurship and environmental science. So in the meantime, the mysterious concept of green entrepreneurial orientation has become a very attractive research topic. In this research, the literature related to the nexus between the fields of entrepreneurship and the environment with a Meta synthesis approach has been studied. Accordingly, in the present article, after a thematic and content review of 141 sources, 25 factors were identified in the form of eight concepts and two categories, the weights were determined by the modified Shannon entropy method. In this regard, the most important factors affecting the entrepreneurial orientation of green businesses are: "Type of industry", "Financial support, rewards and incentives for green entrepreneurial actions", "Social networks", "Green entrepreneurship for economic benefits", "Social norms about the environment" and "Commitment, attention and knowledge of managers or owners to the environment.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the role of sustainable urban development in the social security feeling of citizens. The research method is survey and the data are collected in the field. In the next step, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The opinions of professors and experts have been used to assess the validity of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, which was equal to 0.86. The statistical population included people aged 20 to 54 in Khorramabad, which according to the 2016 census is equal to 70,417 people., and analyzing the results of the questionnaires to examine the impact of sustainable development indicators Urban on the social security of citizens has been investigated and analyzed using regression test to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study indicated that each of the indicators of urban sustainability development (economic, post-social, post-cognitive dimension) had a positive impact on the sense of social security. Finally, we conclude that in general indicators of sustainable urban development on the sense of social security of citizens have an impact.

Increasing concern and increasing attention to public health and environmental issues have led to the emergence and importance of the concept of green products. Given the importance of environmental issues among consumers, it seems necessary to examine the factors affecting their attitudes and intentions to buy green products.Consumers' intention to buy refers to an attitude toward green products to meet the needs of the environment; Which is formed under the influence of perceived green value. Therefore, the present study has aimed at the general role of the value of perceived green in the attitude towards green products and explaining the formation of consumer intentions. This research is in the field of cross-sectional research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of method and time interval of data collection. Consumers of green products in Khorramabad's chain stores (Ofogh korosh, Etka, Shahrovand, Refah, Haft) were selected as the statistical population. Multi-stage cluster sampling was performed in 4 main points of Khorramabad city and finally 360 questionnaires were completed. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was measured by a group of experts and confirmatory factor loads, and the reliability of its variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α> 0.7). Data analysis in this study was performed with spss22 and smart pls3 statistical software. The research findings indicate the positive and significant role of green perceived value and its components include functional value, conditional value, social value and emotional value in the attitude towards buying green products and the intention to buy the consumer.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychological factors affecting the Intention of conservation agricultural behavior of farmers in Sari County based on the Theory of planned behavior model. This research was a descriptive-correlational study (analysis of covariance matrix to test the research model) with the aim of showing the relationship between variables. The population of the study consisted of 30788 farmers in Sari County that 220 were selected through multistage random sampling. Validity of questionnaire was determined through sustainable agricultural experts of Mazandaran County and some faculty members at University of Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources. The reliability was acceptable. Diagnostic validity with using an average variance extracted (AVE) and reliability with using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) were confirmed.  To explain the Effectiveness of psychological factors and the tendency to conservation agricultural behavior from each other, the method of structural equation modeling with LISREL software, version 8.80 has been used. According to the results, psychological factors generally explained 96% of the variance Intention conservation agricultural behavior.When the effects of the three variables of psychological factors were assessed separately on intention of use; the results showed that three variables of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control could explain 66% of the variance in intention of use. In this study, in both models, among the psychological variables, subjective norms were the most effective predictor:  in the first model with 74% factor load and in the second model with 39% factor load. In other words, reference groups and their support and agreement were found to be the most effective factors in the intention to conservation agriculture behavior among farmers of Sari. Therefore, the application of participatory education and extension methods and the impact of community opinion leaders on the credibility of local and technical leaders and sample farmers with farmers on the adoption of conservation agricultural technologies are undeniable.

Considering the establishment of project management engineering in the country by the author, this article focuses on how to design a curriculum and important issues to be considered in the curriculum of civil engineering and project management and its objective is to promote the level of graduates who are not only unaware of the need for sustainable development, but also do not meet the aspirations of industrial organizations, professionals, and academics. This paper is an applied research based on a case study extracted from research findings. To achieve this objective, a review has been conducted to determine the main areas under study in sustainable development and the concept of sustainability in order to be included in the curriculum planning and course titles, and special attention has been paid to the role of civil engineering and project management. Preliminary data were collected using a review of important articles and credible evidence, specifically on studies in two case studies, one on the Civil Engineering and Project Management program at the University of the North East of England and the other in central Italy, which have been successful. The results based on the above research method have led to the design of a table with basic components to be considered in the civil engineering and project management curriculum in the country, which is self-applied and includes a proposed framework in 9 areas and 75 categories for inclusion in the curriculum of the mentioned disciplines as the output of this research.

This research investigated effective factors on carbon management in higher education institutions based on the viewpoint of managers (official and educational). The present quantitative research is a descriptive-correlational research which the data is collected by the use of questionnaire with five-point Likert scale. The population of research was 175 administrators in Razi University who were surveyed using the census method. The result illustrates that the significant Razi University measures on carbon management were “increasing green spaces and decreasing water consumption” (with average 4.05 and 3.47 of 5) are the effective measures of Razi University in carbon management but university executives has rarely considered cases like “reducing carbon footprint in business and decision-making activities” and “principals of low carbon management in materials and procurement” (with average 2.09 and 1.91 out of 5) that shows the need of enhancing managers’ attitude toward carbon reduction. Indicators that required academic participation and consideration of carbon reduction targets had low average (about 2 out of 5). Furthermore, based on viewpoint of the respondents barriers to carbon management at the university were more related to the human and software dimensions rather than to technical hardware issues. Solutions also underlined the need to internalize the carbon management program in functional processes.at Razi University, there was a top-down view of carbon management which confirms these programs are grammatical. Suggestion for establishing of a carbon management system are presented as academic participation in various matters, considering reduction of carbon footprint in all activities, monitoring, evaluating, reviewing, correcting them.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of instruction using gamification on learning and retention of environmental concepts of 11th grade students. The research method was quasi-experimental and the pre-test-post-test research design was selected with a control group. The statistical population also included all 11th grade male students in Arak who were studying in the academic year 1398-99, of which 52 were selected as the convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 26 controls and experiments. Students in the experimental group were taught by gamification-based training for 12 sessions, while in the control group the training method was performed as usual. A researcher-made learning test was used to collect data. The validity of this test was confirmed by the instructors and experts in the field of education and also its reliability was reported to be 0.82 using the Koder-Richardson 20 method. Repeated measurement Anova was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that education using gamification had a significant effect on students' learning and retention in environmental concepts(p < 0.001). According[1] to the research results, it is suggested that the principles of gamification be used in teaching environmental concepts.

Today, environmental degradation and the lack of awareness of the farmers about its issues is one of the major challenges in rural areas .Therefore, sustainable environmental behavior in these areas is very important to achieve national development goals. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the mediation role of intention in analysis of the factors influencing sustainable environmental behavior among farmers. The study population was consisted of farmers in Zanjan township that according to Cochran’s formula, 300 of them were selected by multistage sampling method. A questionnaire was used as research tools. Face and content validity of the questionnaire had been confirmed by panel of experts and key informant before the pre-test stage. The reliability of instrument was assessed by conducting a pilot study among 30 samples out of the original sample. The reliability of instrument for the all sections based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients value (in the range of 0.72 to 0.88) shows acceptable level of internal consistency. Data analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS22 software. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. The results based on direct structural model showed that there is a positive and significant effect between variables such as subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and environmental attitudes with the dependent variable of sustainable environmental behavior in agriculture. Also, based on the mediation structural model specified that intention variable had a mediation role on the relationship between independent variable with sustainable environmental behavior in agriculture and these variables explained 39% of variances of dependent variable.