Environmental Education
Yazdan Shirmohammadi; Enayatullah Yazdanpanah; Afsane Yaaqoubi por fard; Fatemeh Takallou
Abstract
The best way to make individuals more conscious of the concerns and difficulties facing society is through education. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tourists' experiences on environmental education through the resonance of the nature tourism destination brand and environmental ...
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The best way to make individuals more conscious of the concerns and difficulties facing society is through education. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tourists' experiences on environmental education through the resonance of the nature tourism destination brand and environmental education to visitors. The knowledge of the environment among tourists can be raised through travel and nature tourism. People's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the environment are influenced by their experiences in the environment. The host society suffers when tourism numbers exceed an area's ecological capacity, which lowers the quality of the tourism experience. If this problem is ignored, society will face social and environmental challenges. The greatest and most efficient method for educating people and instilling a sense of responsibility in them is through environmental education. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula of 384 people. The sample technique was convenience sampling, and the study's statistical population consisted solely of domestic tourists to Borujerd city. Expert judgments validated the research's validity, while Cronbach's alpha assessed its reliability. Through the resonance of the nature tourism destination brand and environmental education to tourists, as well as the resonance of the nature tourism brand on public environmental education, the research findings demonstrated that tourists experience has a positive and significant effect on environmental education.
Environmental Education
Abbasali Khandani; Ali Imanzadeh; Shahram Ranjdoost
Abstract
Ecological citizenship as an emerging type of citizenship means specific human responsibilities to protect the environment in a way beyond limited personal interests and thoughts. This study aims to analyze the content of the level of attention to the components of ecological citizen education in social ...
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Ecological citizenship as an emerging type of citizenship means specific human responsibilities to protect the environment in a way beyond limited personal interests and thoughts. This study aims to analyze the content of the level of attention to the components of ecological citizen education in social studies textbooks in junior high school. To achieve this goal, the content analysis method has been used. Descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage were employed to analyze the data. Frequency charts were used to present the data. Findings showed that in the social education textbooks of junior high school, a total of 63 cases have been paid to the education of ecological citizens, of which, 21 cases (33.33%) were related to Ecological knowledge, 19 cases (30.15%) were related to Ecological beliefs and attitudes, and 23 cases (36.50%) were related to Ecological behavior. The lowest frequency of prepending to ecological knowledge was in the 7th and 8th grades of junior high school (0.00). The highest frequency related to personal environmental behaviors was in the 7th grade of junior high school (44.44%), and for the sense of responsibility towards nature and its elements, the highest frequency was in the 9th grade of junior high school (44.44%). Based on these findings, many components in all aspects of ecological citizen education have been neglected. Given the existing crises in the field of human ecology and the effective role of curricula in resolving these crises, it is suggested that ecological education be given more attention by educational officials and policymakers.
Environmental Education
Mahtab Eghtedari; Reza Saboonchi; Nazanin Rasekh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathology of environmental education in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts from the Ministry of Sport and Youth, with a total of 330 reports. ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathology of environmental education in the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts from the Ministry of Sport and Youth, with a total of 330 reports. According to Morgan's sample size table, 169 individuals were identified as the study sample. The sampling method in this study was classified sampling. The data gathering tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire with 22 questions. The validity of this questionnaire was evaluated by experts' opinions and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated 0.81. For analyzing the data of the study, statistical methods such as Kolomography Smirnov, Exploratory Factor Analysis Test, and T-Test were used. The results of the study showed that 6 damages of goals, structure, reward, useful mechanisms, communication and leadership were among the damages related to environmental education in the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The results of the study also showed that the goal-related injury with a mean of 4.17 compared to other injuries was the most important issue. Among the target-related injuries, non-monitoring and evaluation of the extent to which environmental education goals were achieved with a factor load of 0.874 were identified as the most important target-related damages. Given the lack of comprehensive goals and planning and the lack of proper monitoring and evaluation of environmental education at the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs, the environmental education of the objectives has led to relative harm.
Environmental Education
Paria Saadatjoo; Saber Sabouri; Leila Rahimi
Abstract
Architectural engineering is an interdisciplinary course. It has a strict relation with civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. This study focuses on the status of sustainability in two different syllabuses of the architecture bachelor’s courses in Iran. Content analysis approach was applied ...
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Architectural engineering is an interdisciplinary course. It has a strict relation with civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. This study focuses on the status of sustainability in two different syllabuses of the architecture bachelor’s courses in Iran. Content analysis approach was applied along with conceptual and rational methods for the analysis of mentioned syllabuses by using Maxqda software. In the first stage, conceptual analysis was performed by using some codes related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. In the second stage, the architecture expert panel compared sustainability criteria and their education in two syllabuses as a rational content analysis. The results of the research indicated a significant difference between the former and the present architectural engineering syllabuses: Conceptual content analysis proved that environmental implications in the new syllabus were decreased in comparison to the former syllabus. Conceptual content analysis also indicated that cultural-social and economic codes in the new syllabus increased considerably. The rational content analysis demonstrated that cultural-social implication decreased in the new syllabus, while environmental and economic values were emphasized in the new syllabus compared to the former one. Finally, it was concluded that the application of tangible design methods for sustainable architecture education, integration of quantitative and qualitative design criteria, and sustainable integrated design approaches should be added to the syllabuses of architectural engineering education.
Omid Sharifi; Ali Asadi; Khalil Kalantari; Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate and identify the factors influencing sustainable agriculture among greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman with emplesize on educational factors. This research was a kind of descriptive-correlation. The population of this study includes 1839 greenhouse farmers. ...
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The purpose of this paper was to investigate and identify the factors influencing sustainable agriculture among greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman with emplesize on educational factors. This research was a kind of descriptive-correlation. The population of this study includes 1839 greenhouse farmers. According to Krejcie & Morgan table, 320 farmers were selected by stratified random sampling for doing the study. The research tools were questionnaire. To analyze the validity of research tools, the view points of some scholars of agricultural extension are considered and to examine reliability of tool, about 30 questionnaires were fulfillment by greenhouse farmers of south of Kerman, The reliability of the instrument was measured by calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, The reliability of the instrument for various questions varied from 0.79 to 0.91 that showed a high reliability for the instrument. Data were analyzed SPSS18. The results of factor analysis showed that the four factors of supportive and educational facilities, infrastructure and production right policies, encouraging the development of sustainable production and development of healthy products market about 80% of the total variance explained factors. According to the results, based on the effect of educational methods on the green house cultures sustainability it is suggested through notification and educational different methods, increasing the sustainability of production and improving the overall health of the community.
Hossein Mirzaei; Hamed Sayarkhalaj; Majid Fatemi Khesal; Mohammad Khanmohammadi
Abstract
Today, environmental problems have social roots and, thus, it is important to know the attitudes of individuals about the environment. In this regard, the research with the aim of study the factors related with environmental attitude in the high school students the has been done. The statistical population ...
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Today, environmental problems have social roots and, thus, it is important to know the attitudes of individuals about the environment. In this regard, the research with the aim of study the factors related with environmental attitude in the high school students the has been done. The statistical population of this research, were high school students of Tehran that 450 individuals were selected by using of cluster random sampling by using of Cochran formula. The research is of survey type and questionnaire is the tool of data collecting. The questionnaire Validity is of formal type and its reliability is measured using Cronbach's alpha. The results show that is benefit from informed sources and Imagination of the family's environmental performance has a significant relationship with the environmental awareness. Also environemtal awareness and environemtal values has a significant relationship with the environmental attitude. Results of regression analysis show that, according to the adjusted coefficient of determination variables in the regression equation, 18% of the variance of the dependent variable is determined by the independent variables; and environmental values, has the greatest total effect on the environmental attitude.
Ali Pourali; Mohammad Ali Falahi; Aliakbar Naji Meydani
Abstract
The effort of countries to increase national income and well-being, if not accompanied by environmental considerations, leads to unrepairable losses. For this reason, the environment over the past few decades has been one of the concerns of human societies. Hence, in recent years, the quality and sustainability ...
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The effort of countries to increase national income and well-being, if not accompanied by environmental considerations, leads to unrepairable losses. For this reason, the environment over the past few decades has been one of the concerns of human societies. Hence, in recent years, the quality and sustainability of the environment have become very important at both the national and international levels. Many governments have realized that they could not isolate environmental performance apart from other measures of development. Hence, the necessity of HDI improvement with the environmental dimensions was a theme of discussion during the most recent Rio+20-United Nation Conference on Sustainable Development (2012), as part of Millennium Development Goals. Since the Human Development Index can describe social development and economic development simultaneously, the main goal of this study is to examine the impact of the dimensions of human development index, especially education, on the Environmental Performance Index. The results based on the panel data fixed effects model using GLS in the 101 selected countries during 2005-2015 show that the three dimensions of the Human Development Index, namely health, education, and welfare, have a positive and significant effect on the environmental performance.
Asghar Abolhasani; Samira Motaghi; Ehsan Farhadi
Abstract
Increased pollution and environmental degradation due to the unilateral development of the industry is one of the issues of interest from international assemblies, conservation organizations and the prevailing view of environmentalists. This, despite the great influence on the economic growth and development ...
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Increased pollution and environmental degradation due to the unilateral development of the industry is one of the issues of interest from international assemblies, conservation organizations and the prevailing view of environmentalists. This, despite the great influence on the economic growth and development of the regions, has created a great deal of danger for the inhabitants of the planet and destroyed the environment by reducing the fertility of the environment. But the expressed view, with the view of development economists, that it is said that in the early stages of development, it is accompanied by a deterioration in the environment, but then reaches a certain level of growth, and at this point, growth tends to improve in the environment (U-inversion hypothesis), especially for developing countries like Iran, and the same, researchers have discussed the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Iran and the confirmation or rejection of the U-inversion Kuznets hypothesis, with application Indicators of industrialization, economic status, and energy consumption during the period from 1365 to 1395;The results of the estimation of the research model confirm the Kuznets hypothesis in Iran, as well as the significance of the role of industrialization of the country and energy consumption (in reverse) and And the lack of influence of the education indicator (in a current manner) in improving the quality of the environment.
Mohammad Sadegh Jamshidi Rad
Volume 6, Issue 3 , June 2018, , Pages 37-46
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine “The Effect of Education on Shiite jurisprudential issues in the Field of Plants and Trees on students' Environmental Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior. The type of research is an applied method, and this study was carried out using a semi-experimental ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine “The Effect of Education on Shiite jurisprudential issues in the Field of Plants and Trees on students' Environmental Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior. The type of research is an applied method, and this study was carried out using a semi-experimental method in the form of pre-test and post-test of two intervention and control groups. The sample consisted of 40 Students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branch who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups of 20 people each. The intervention included training the integration of religious discussions and Shiite jurisprudence related to plants and trees to the students of the experimental group for 8 hours, over a three-month period. For both groups, pretest and posttest were performed. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Experts confirmed its content validity in the field of environment, Quran and Hadith scholars, jurisprudence and Islamic law and theology. The reliability of the questionnaires was also tested by performing a test on a group of 20 and using Cronbach's alpha, which was 0.78 for Awareness, for the attitude of 0.74 and 0.82 for behavior. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics such as dependent t and independent t-tests. Based on the results of statistical tests, the teaching of Shiite jurisprudence issues related to the protection of plants and trees on all three variables had a positive and significant effect on environmental awareness, attitude, and behavior of the intervention group.
Rasoul Heidari Sorshjani; Reza Dehghani Bidgol; Azemat Asheri; Elham Rahmani Azad
Volume 6, Issue 3 , June 2018, , Pages 61-78
Abstract
Appropriate environmental education is one of the essential principles for protecting the environment. One of the most critical environmental issues of teaching is knowing how to use solutions for effective behavior the people towards the environment, and their commitment to nature and the environment ...
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Appropriate environmental education is one of the essential principles for protecting the environment. One of the most critical environmental issues of teaching is knowing how to use solutions for effective behavior the people towards the environment, and their commitment to nature and the environment has increased. This study attempts to influence the implementation of environmental education programs outside the classroom (Ecotourism) in the behavior of students in Tehran transplantation with nature itself. The research method was semi-experimental using the single group design that much of it conducted in the field and consisted of 74 high school students in the second period. Tools for data collection in addition to observing interviews from a questionnaire achieved its validity by experts reliability by using Cronbach studied were(Alpha=0/82) for data analysis by SPSS19 software to descriptive statistics from the T-test was used to compare the nature will increase. The results showed that all 26 questions in 4 whole were designed to change attitudes and to change behavior shows significantly. So Focus on the way of environmental education could make a difference in students' relationship with the natural environment will be. Will increase their commitment to preserving nature.
A. Rezaei; A. Jalalian
Volume 6, Issue 2 , March 2018, , Pages 83-100
Abstract
The basis of the formation of international environmental law is based on soft law. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the process of teaching and institutionalization of the principles and concepts governing the environment by documentary ...
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The basis of the formation of international environmental law is based on soft law. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the process of teaching and institutionalization of the principles and concepts governing the environment by documentary method and as a descriptive-analytical research. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, as the first major conference on international environmental issues, stems from the rapid growth of global awareness of the international environment in the 1960s. Given the fact that the final document of this conference is in the category of non-binding documents, it is questionable whether this statement was valid in the process of education and the institutionalization of environmental rights. In this regard, due to the necessity of explaining more non-binding documents in international environmental law, it was attempted to study the documents and resources affected by the statement. Studies have shown that this statement, as a milestone in the process of education and development of environmental rights, recognizes the right to a healthy environment, has drawn close attention to the environment and fundamental human rights, and proposes the formation of international institutions , Such as UNEP and the Global Environment Facility, have integrated the process of global cooperation in the field of structural development and education of environmental rights, and by collecting common principles and concepts in a non-binding legal text, it's manifestation and ratification in the next binding documents Has provided.
Z. Fotourehchi
Volume 5, Issue 4 , September 2017, , Pages 77-84
Abstract
Given the increasing importance of environmental degradation and the lack of these types of studies in developing countries, this research attempts by using various hypotheses and theories have been explained in the framework of income/power inequality and environmental degradation and challenging ...
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Given the increasing importance of environmental degradation and the lack of these types of studies in developing countries, this research attempts by using various hypotheses and theories have been explained in the framework of income/power inequality and environmental degradation and challenging the equality hypothesis theoretically and rejecting this hypothesis empirically with emphasis on education role, In addition to finding real answer for the following two questions, helping to the extension of research literature and adapting appropriate environmental protection policies according to income/education level and the level of environmental degradation in developing countries. The first question is that which income group will prevail in the pollution war? And the second question is, what measures politicians should take? This research has been done based on an unbalanced panel data with fixed and random effects models during the period 2000-2013 in developing countries. The research findings indicate that Environmental Kuznets hypothesis is not rejected and the equality hypothesis is rejected. This finding can be considered as the reducing final preferences of environmental degradation of high-income countries/individuals relative to low-income. In the other words, it can be regarded as less demand of environmental degradation of the rich relative to the poor and stronger willingness to pay of environmental quality of the rich. In this case, no matter how income is distributed. Moreover, findings show that the education level decreases environmental degradation through the strengthening environmental public pressure and awareness.
H. Ghaffari; A. Younessi; M. Rafiei
Volume 5, Issue 1 , December 2016, , Pages 79-104
Abstract
The idea of sustainable development emerged from environmental concerns and criticism of economic and industrial development and its ideal is to preserve resources for all generations with meeting the needs of the present generation. Sustainable development requires extensive changes in the lives of ...
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The idea of sustainable development emerged from environmental concerns and criticism of economic and industrial development and its ideal is to preserve resources for all generations with meeting the needs of the present generation. Sustainable development requires extensive changes in the lives of communities at all levels. This change requires the participation of citizens and civil society and people awareness and education about sustainable development is its prerequisite. Education is the infrastructure of development of our modern world and without accessibility to education and creating general awareness in humans, sustainable development will not exceed a superficial and vulgar slogan. The purpose of this research using descriptive document analysis is to explain and analyze the impact of education and especially environmental education on sustainable development. The findings suggest that a sustainable and comprehensive development will be via human resources development and the prerequisite of the occurrence and continuation of any development, is investment in human resources through education and especially environmental education which is a central core and pillar of any society. Considering that education is one of the most influential factors affecting the sustainable development of each country, wide, continuous, comprehensive and inclusive measures in order to increase environmental awareness is necessary. Economic view to the issue of education from the perspective of investment, according to World Bank standards and explaining its role in sustainable development, is the innovation of this paper.
M. R. Dehshiri
Volume 4, Issue 2 , March 2016, , Pages 64-75
Abstract
This article explores the potentiality of globalization for ensuring sustainable development. By examining the pessimistic views on the negative impact of globalization on sustainable development, which consider these two variables as contradictory and competitive paradigms, the author, in the framework ...
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This article explores the potentiality of globalization for ensuring sustainable development. By examining the pessimistic views on the negative impact of globalization on sustainable development, which consider these two variables as contradictory and competitive paradigms, the author, in the framework of transformationalist approach, considering them as two complementary and interactive paradigms, believes that globalization, regarded as a process of “interconnectedness of borderless world”, can function effectively within the widely accepted framework of sustainability, and is conductive to a positive impact on sustainable development, in the areas of social justice, environmental protection and human security, paving the way for “sustainable globalization” and “successful globalization”. In order for globalization to be considered as sustainable and successful, it should not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own social, economic and environmental needs but rather should contribute to realize a knowledge-based economy, and to promote public and professional awareness through due attention to the major role of education in agendas for sustainable development. The article analyses then the challenges and opportunities of globalization for sustainable development and finally explores the possible ways to achieve a sustainable and successful globalization with an special emphasis on economic growth combined with equality and social peace, constructive engagement with the global economy, observance of environmental regulations and realization of successful educational system
Environmental Education
H. Hamzeh.kalkenari; M. Jamalipour; M. Ghorbani
Volume 2, Issue 5 , November 2013, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
According to increasing waste production and scarcity of land allocated for landfill in urban areas, concerns the ecological damages caused by hazardous waste and losses incurred to the environment, municipal waste management, has been extremely important. People’s tendency to the recycling and ...
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According to increasing waste production and scarcity of land allocated for landfill in urban areas, concerns the ecological damages caused by hazardous waste and losses incurred to the environment, municipal waste management, has been extremely important. People’s tendency to the recycling and waste management influenced by various factors such as incentive action and Education. Therefore, in this study with using survey data from 391 households in Mashhad in 1391, we explored the seven policies to reduce waste produced by households. The results indicate that first of all the environmental education then considering the economic incentives and is important, later variable pricing model based on the weight and volume of waste, urban areas, chapters and ultimately increase fixed rate for garbage collection services are effective for the reduction of waste production. According to the findings, in order to control and reduce the amount of waste produced by households and reduce environmental pollution, a set of policies based on environmental education and create economic incentives were proposed for the planners of the arena.
Environmental Education
vahid Azizi; Moslem Savari; Moein Sadeghi; Golamreza Yavari
Volume 1, Issue 4 , July 2013, , Pages 20-28
Abstract
This study analyzes the attitude of high school students in City of Hamadan toward environmental protection. A survey of 4104 high school students in Hamadan using the Cochran test, 240 persons were selected. To enhance the credibility of findings using stratified random sampling, 270 questionnaires ...
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This study analyzes the attitude of high school students in City of Hamadan toward environmental protection. A survey of 4104 high school students in Hamadan using the Cochran test, 240 persons were selected. To enhance the credibility of findings using stratified random sampling, 270 questionnaires were proportionally completed. The validity of the questionnaire by a panel of experts and its reliability through using Cronbach's Alfa were approved and the amount was calculated above (7/0). Data analysis was performed through using SPSS software. The majority of the students had positive attitudes towards environmental protection. Correlation analysis also showed that there is 1% positive and significant relationship between their attitude towards environmental protection, the use of the Internet and father's occupation. Also, one of the most important strategies to improve students' attitude towards environmental protection is using educational videos and creating environmental organizations.
Environmental Education
S.M. Shobeiri; Alaleh Ghaemi; Pouneh Ghaemi
Volume 1, Issue 4 , July 2013, , Pages 29-40
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the trend of Environmental Education in national Development Plans. Today, environment is threatened by the watershed catchments degradation, loss of biodiversity, types of pollution and extreme climatic changes. Since many of these changes are resulted from human activities ...
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The study aimed to evaluate the trend of Environmental Education in national Development Plans. Today, environment is threatened by the watershed catchments degradation, loss of biodiversity, types of pollution and extreme climatic changes. Since many of these changes are resulted from human activities and a lack of understanding of the environment, the development of culture and environmental education are considered to be the major initiatives in solving these problems. International Changes of the environment on one hand and the development of environmentally destructive processes in the country, as in many developing countries have led that issue of environmental protection than the focus of policy makers and decision makers in the country. In this paper we review the development plans of the country then we study status of environmental education and training and practice in the five-year plans, important goals of environmental education and activities required to achieve these goals is proposed.
A. Araghieh; N. Borzabadi Farahani; A. Pashaii Arzaneh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , December 2012, , Pages 17-22
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide an opportunity for the discovery of the methods for teaching environment from the elementary students' points of view. Based on the assumption of this research, the student is an individual who is capable of facing the socio-academic issue of environment and, intellectually, ...
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The purpose of this study is to provide an opportunity for the discovery of the methods for teaching environment from the elementary students' points of view. Based on the assumption of this research, the student is an individual who is capable of facing the socio-academic issue of environment and, intellectually, analyze the common issues and determine his/her position. The simple random sampling method of this research has been 150 elementary students from 11 and 18 districts of the board of education in Tehran. In the research method the Delphi technique is used and based on it, the students were, accordingly, asked to prepare a list of methods that has been used for teaching environment. Then a preliminary list that has been extracted out from the collection of all the lists was given to students so that they could reflect changes and improvements they deemed to be necessary. Ultimately, the new list was prepared based on the presented views and changes made and again it was put up for polling by students. Finally, the findings of the research based on the methods of teaching environment from the students' points of view have been computed and presented.
S Salehi; Zahra Hemmati Gouyomi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , December 2012, , Pages 23-34
Abstract
The problem of electronic waste in recent years has attracted much attention. Such waste contains a variety of materials such as precious metals and dangerous toxins that are harmful to humans and the environment. In addition, in developed countries, in parallel with providing facilities, the emphasis ...
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The problem of electronic waste in recent years has attracted much attention. Such waste contains a variety of materials such as precious metals and dangerous toxins that are harmful to humans and the environment. In addition, in developed countries, in parallel with providing facilities, the emphasis has been put on the role of environmental education and knowledge, but in most developing countries, like Iran, the problem of electronic waste has not yet been considered. The present study seeks to examine the role of environmental education in electronic waste management, and to offer some solutions to achieve this goal. Statistical society of this study includes students of Mazandaran University, and interview technique is used for data collection. The study determined that the government and municipalities programs for collection, separation and recycling of such waste, can have an effective role in reducing waste and appropriate behavior to be with them.
Mohammad Yazdi; M. Soudagar; Y. Delgoshaee; R. Nasiri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , December 2012, , Pages 43-58
Abstract
The research has been done for revising the deterred and motivating factors of public education and participation, in various tasks of Tehran Municipality. The method of research was functional in the view of collecting descriptive information and the goal. The sample categories coincident with sampling ...
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The research has been done for revising the deterred and motivating factors of public education and participation, in various tasks of Tehran Municipality. The method of research was functional in the view of collecting descriptive information and the goal. The sample categories coincident with sampling procedure were data collection based on a questionnaire consisting of 40 items with Lucent 5 scale size. The queries investigated the simulation, content, structures and permanence of performing an experiment on 3 categories of samples together with calculating Cronbach's alpha rate (82 percent). The collected data’s have been analyzed with SPSS software by descriptive and inferential statistics manners like come test, factor analysis, “t” test for 2 independent groups, variance analyzing and “Tuki” post hoc test. The results of data processing show that social, economic, cultural, technologic, motivating, managing and educational are so important in motivating and deterrent of education in increasing of civic participation in Tehran municipality activities.
Environmental Education
D. Karimi; Ashraf Enayati
Volume 1, Issue 1 , December 2012, , Pages 59-74
Abstract
Following the Earth Conference in 1992 and the preparation of Agenda 21 and Its 36th chapter which is about environmental education and training for sustainable development, and regarding four main themes of this chapter, all implying the stability of training, and also, because we are in the decade ...
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Following the Earth Conference in 1992 and the preparation of Agenda 21 and Its 36th chapter which is about environmental education and training for sustainable development, and regarding four main themes of this chapter, all implying the stability of training, and also, because we are in the decade of education for sustainable development now, all countries have tried to design and suggest ways for the stability of education. Therefore, in this conference all countries unanimously agreed upon “training of sustainable development in schools as a whole”. This approach put emphasis on implementation of what has been learned to reduce the gap between values in action through integrating formal and informal training programs .In “schools as a whole” approach which is sustainable school in essence, it is necessary to consider a framework for sustainable school with emphasis on its dimensions and indexes. In this article, all of these items have been described completely, and in the end, it has been concluded that training for sustainable development in schools is in it’s initial phase and the managers have come to understood it’s necessary, but there is no clear framework for its implementation.
