The Effect of Tourists' Experiences on Environmental Education through the Resonance of Nature Tourism Destination Brand

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Master of Tourism Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The best way to make individuals more conscious of the concerns and difficulties facing society is through education. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tourists' experiences on environmental education through the resonance of the nature tourism destination brand and environmental education to visitors. Tourists' knowledge of the environment can be heightened through travel and nature tourism. Their experiences in the environment influence their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding environmental issues. The host society suffers when tourism numbers exceed an area's ecological capacity, which lowers the quality of the tourism experience. If this problem is ignored, society will face social and environmental challenges. The greatest and most efficient method for educating people and instilling a sense of responsibility in them is through environmental education. The sample size was determined by Cochran's formula of 384 people. The sampling technique was convenience sampling, and the study's statistical population consisted solely of domestic tourists to Borujerd City. Expert judgments validated the research's validity, while Cronbach's alpha assessed its reliability. Through the resonance of the nature tourism destination brand and environmental education to tourists, as well as the resonance of the nature tourism brand on public environmental education, the research findings demonstrated that tourists' experience has a positive and significant effect on environmental education.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Afshardoost, M., & Eshaghi, M. S. (2020). “Destination image and tourist behavioural intentions: A meta-analysis”. Tourism Management, 81, 104–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104154
Baker, Z., & Gehlbach, H. (2022). “Policy dialogue: Teaching environmentalism on a warming planet”. History of Education Quarterly, 62(1), 107-119 https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2021.56
Ballantyne, R., & Packer, J. (2011). “Using tourism free-choice learning experiences to promote environmentally sustainable behaviour: The role of post-visit action resources”. Environmental Education Research, 17(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13504622.2010.530645
Bismo, A., Sarjono, H., Ferian, A. (2018). “The effect of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty: A study of grabcar services in Jakarta”. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 26T, 33–47.
Braun, E., Eshuis, J., Klijn, E-H., & Zenker, S. (2018). “Improving place reputation: Do an open place brand process and an identity-image match pay off?” Cities, 80, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.06.010
Bueddefeld, J., & Duerden, M. D. (2022). “The transformative tourism learning model”. Annals of Tourism Research, 94, 103405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103405
Cai, G., Xu, L., Gao, W., Hong, Y., Ying, X., Wang, Y., Qian, F., (2020). “The positive impacts of exhibition-driven tourism on sustainable tourism, economics, and population: The case of the echigo–tsumari Art Triennale in Japan”. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health17, 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051489.
Chio, H. (2016). “The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: A case study of Chinese tourists in Korea”. International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research 10(2): 223-234.
Dastgerdi, A. S., & De Luca, G. (2019). “Strengthening the city’s reputation in the age of cities: An insight in the city branding theory”. City, Territory and Architecture, 6(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-019-0101-4.
De Vos, J., & Witlox, F. (2017). “Travel satisfaction revisited. On the pivotal role of travel satisfaction in conceptualising a travel behaviour process”. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 106, 364-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.10.009
Dressler, M., & Paunovic, I. (2019). “Customer-centric offer design: Meeting expectations for a wine bar and shop and the relevance of hybrid offering components”. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 31(1), 109-127, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-07-2018-0036.
Duman, T., Ozbal, O., & Duerod, M. (2018). “The role of affective factors on brand resonance: Measuring customer‐based brand equity for the Sarajevo brand”. Journal of destination marketing & management, 8, 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.08.001
Farbod, E. (2014). “Structural equation modeling in questionnaire data using Amos 22 software”. Tehran: Mehrgan Qalam Publications. [In Persian]
Farhat, Z., & Chaney, D. (2021). “Introducing destination brand hate: An
exploratory study”. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(17), 2472-2488. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1844160
Ghasemi, V. (2012). “Structural equation modeling in social research”. Tehran: Sociologists Publications. [In Persian]
Gossling, S. (2018). “Tourism, tourist learning, and sustainability: An exploratorydiscussion of complexities, problems, and opportunities”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(2), 292–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1349772
Huang, Z., Peng, A., Yang, T., Deng, S., & He, Y. (2020). “A design-based learning approach for fostering sustainability competency in engineering education”. Sustainability, 12(7), 2958, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072958
Jahandideh, M. (2020). “The effect of destination brand image on the intention to visit again: The mediating role of memorable tourism experience, personality and satisfaction of the tourist destination”. Urban tourism, 7 (1) 56-88. [In Persian] 10.22059/JUT.2020.286895.697
Jalilvand, M. R., Vosta, L. N., Mahyari, H. K., & Pool, J. K. (2017). “Social responsibility influence on customer trust in hotels: Mediating effects of reputation and word-of-mouth”. Tourism Review, 72(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2016-0037[In Persian].
Jebbouri, A., Zhang, H., Wang, L., & Bouchiba, N. (2021). “Exploring the relationship of image formation on tourist satisfaction and loyalty: Evidence from China”. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 748534.‏. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748534
Kanwel, S., Lingqiang, Z., Asif, M., Hwang, J., Hussain, A., Jameel, A., (2019). “The influence of destination image on tourist loyalty and intention to visit: Testing a multiple mediation approach”. Sustainability 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su11226401.
Kavaratzis, M., & Hatch, M. J. (2021). “The elusive destination brand and the ATLAS wheel of place brand management”. Journal of travel research, 60(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519892323
Kim, J. H. (2018). “The impact of memorable tourism experiences on loyalty behaviors: The mediating effects of destination image and satisfaction”. Journal of Travel Research, 57(7), 856–870. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517721369
Komendantova, N., & Yazdanpanah, M. (2017). “Impacts of human factors on willingness to use renewable energy sources in Iran and Morocco”. Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 1(2), 141-152.
Li, T. T., Liu, F., & Soutar, G. N. (2021). “Experiences, post-trip destination image, satisfaction and loyalty: A study in an ecotourism context”. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100547
Landon, A. C., Woosnam, K. M., & Boley, B. B. (2018). “Modeling the psychological antecedents to tourists’ pro-sustainable behaviors: An application of the value-belief norm model”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(6), 957–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1423320
Liang, X., & Xue, J. (2021). “Mediating effect of destination image on the relationship between risk perception of smog and revisit intention: A case of Chengdu”. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(9), 1024-1037.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1941156
Nazir, G., Rehman, A., & Park, S. J. (2021). “Valorization of shrimp shell biowaste for environmental remediation: Efficient contender for CO2 adsorption and separation”. Journal of environmental management, 299, 113661.‏ https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-10-2013-0057
Newsome, D., & Ladd, P. (2022). “The dimensions of geotourism with a spotlight on geodiversity in a subdued landscape”. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(3), 351-366.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.06.001
Padrón-Ávila, H., Croes, R. and Rivera, M. (2022). “Activities, destination image, satisfaction and loyalty in a small island destination”. Tourism Review, 77 (1): 302-321.
Prakash, S. L., Perera, P., Newsome, D., Kusuminda, T., & Walker, O. (2019). “Reasons for visitor dissatisfaction with wildlife tourism experiences at highly visited national parks in Sri Lanka”. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 25: 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2018.07.004
Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Muskat, B., & Del Chiappa, G. (2017). “Understanding the relationships between tourists’ emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend”. Journal of Travel Research, 56(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515620567
Rao, X., Qiu, H., Morrison, A. M., Wei, W., & Zhang, X. (2022). “Predicting private and public pro-environmental behaviors in rural tourism contexts using SEM and fsQCA: the role of destination image and relationship quality”. Land, 11(3), 448.‏ https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030448
Shirmohammadi, Y., & Abyaran, P. (2019). “The influence of spiritual experience on the brand of religious place”. International journal of Tourism, Culture & Spirituality, 4(1), 33-55. doi: 10.22133/ijts.2019.95829.
Shirmohammadi, Y., Abyaran, P. (2020). “Brand image of mystical spiritual tours and tourists’ satisfaction and quality of life”. International journal of Tourism, Culture & Spirituality, 4(2), 165-195. https://doi.org/10.22133/ijts.2019.188946.1036
Shirmohammadi, Y., & Atri, N. (2021). “The effect of traction factors and marketing drive factors on attracting older cultural tourists: Case study of European tourists”. Tourism of Culture, 2(5), 49-60. doi: 10.22034/toc.2021.277507.1043. [In Persian]
Shirmohammadi, Y., & Bostan Manesh, A. (2021). “Factor recognition analysis on the performance of employees of service companies in the use of big data information technology”. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 11(3), 24-43. doi: 20.1001.1.24767220.1400.11.3.1.3. [In Persian]
Shirmohammadi, Y., & Bostan Manesh, A. (2022). “Designing a model for customers to buy from smart stores in the days of Corona with an emphasis on artificial intelligence”. Business Intelligence Management Studies, 10(40), 233-263. doi: 10.22054/ims.2021.61125.1969. [In Persian]