Presenting a Paradigmatic Model of Illegal Wildlife Trade from the Perspective of Stakeholders (Case Study: Fereydounkenar Wild Bird Market)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student in Environmental Education, Department of Environmental Planning, Management and Education, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

10.30473/ee.2023.64667.2547

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explain the phenomenon of “Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT)” in the Fereydounkenar wild bird market from the perspective of stakeholders and to provide approaches to effectively address it. The research employed a qualitative approach using the “Grounded Theory” method. To achieve the most accurate depiction of reality, the six-chain stakeholder model—recognized as the most complex and mafia-like structure—was selected as the basis for the study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted as the primary data collection tool, based on the criterion of “voluntariness” and aimed at achieving “maximum diversity” and “response saturation.” After transcribing the interviews, 104 open codes and 20 axial codes were identified. These were then categorized and condensed into selective codes, resulting in the presentation of the final paradigmatic model. The findings reveal that the contextual conditions for IWT include the formation of mafia networks, the confrontational approach of rangers toward hunters, and the lack of funding, facilities, and specialized personnel within the Department of Environment (DOE). Intervening conditions include local communities’ lack of awareness about the environmental impacts of illegal hunting and administrative corruption within the DOE. Causal conditions include poverty, class disparities and social discrimination, market demand, the existence of a widespread and low-risk black market, the erosion of environmental ethics, and the lack of cyber oversight. The proposed coping strategies are environmental education and awareness, participatory management of the environment and natural resources, revising ranger-hunter interaction protocols, diversifying the local economy through entrepreneurship, revising legal frameworks, and enhancing infrastructure for detection and seizure of wildlife shipments. The anticipated outcomes include environmental protection and the sustainability of natural resources, increased employment and livelihood security for local communities, redefining and revitalizing the identity of local populations, and reducing conflicts between stakeholders.

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Main Subjects

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Journals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development
Volume 13, Issue 3
2025
Pages 47-67

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