Using Fairclough Model in the Typology of Environmental Discourses in Iran (Discourses of Justice, Protection, Risk and Modernization)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University

2 Department of Environmental Sociology, Mazandaran University

3 Department of Media and Communications, Payam Noor University

4 Payam Noor University

Abstract

In Iran, a group of organs like environment protection organization and supreme council of environment are the key policy-makers in environment scope. Among these the Islamic council parliament plays a key role in policy-making and guiding the related organizations. Thus the respected representatives of the parliament in different periods holding discussion, so as to organize environment scope in the form of plan, bill and question. The purpose of this paper with emphasis on these discussions is to introduce environmental protection discourse typology in Iran. The method of this research is Fairclough analyzing discourse with qualitative approach which is totally investigating 158 environmental talks of representatives of the first to seven periods of Islamic council parliament. The sampling method of the research is theoretical sampling or purpose based sampling. So the discussions have taken into accounts which were related to environrnent scope. The results of this paper shows that four discourse patterns dominate in different parliamant periods. The dominate discourse of the first and second periods was environmental justice discourse. The dominate discourse of the third to fifth periods was protecting the environment and dominate discourse of the sixth and seventh periods was risk discourse and finally the modernization discourse was influential and dynamic discourse which overshadows the discussions of the first to seventh periods.

Keywords


Adibhajbagheri, M. (2006)."Grounded theory method,Way and method of theorising in the Health and human sciences",Tehran,Boshra Press. [In Persian].##Arabshahi, Z; Jabbri, H. (2015). "Spatial analysis uneven development in Iran", the economic newspaper annexed East.[In Persian].##Bloor, M. & Thomas. (2011). "Introduction to the critical discourse analysis." Translated by: Rahimi, A. Shahbala, A. TehranJangal. [In Persian].##Botkin,D.Claire,E. (1999)."Environmental science: Earth as a living planet", translated by Wahabzade,A. Tehran, Iran Nature and Wildlife Museum. [In Persian].##Capek, S.M. (1993). "The environmental justice frame: a conceptual discussion and an application, Social problems."##Davidson,D,J&Frickel,S. (2004)."Understanding environmental governance".Organization & Environment,17(4).471-492.##Dickens, P. (2004). "Society and Nature: Changing Our Environment, Changing –Ourselves", Cambridge: Polity Press.##Eshtiaghi, M. (2015)."Pathology of uneven development in Iran".Studies Network of Public Policy. [In Persian].##Farajiraad, A. & Abdi, M. (2015)."Scientific and technological development in the country and Its impact on the rising regional power".Journal: Geopolitics, 39, 59-83. [In Persian].##Fazeli, M. (2015) "environmental crisis and social responsibility", bimonthly dynamic political and social ideas, 31, December. [In Persian].##Flick, U. (2009)."Introduction to qualitative research", translated by Jalili, H. Tehran, Ney Publishing. [In Persian].##Ghanbari, A. (2014)."The Analysis of regional inequalities in Iran".Institute of Strategic Studies [In Persian].##Hanygan, J. (2013)."Environmental sociology", translated by Anbari, M. Tehran, Tehran University Press. [In Persian].##Hanygan, J. (2013)."Environmental sociology", translated by Salehi, S. Tehran, publishig samt. [In Persian].##Hatami, A. (2011)."Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran", Tehran, Persia book publishing. [In Persian].##Jager, A. (2001)."Discourse and knowledge: Theoretical Methodological Aspects of A critical Discourse and Dispositive Analysis", London,Sage.##Jorgenson, M.and Philip, L. (2010)."Discourse Analysis as theory and method", translated by Jalili, H, Tehran, Reed Publishing. [In Persian].##Kaiser, F.G., Wolfing, S. & Fuhrer, U. (1999)" Environmental Attitude and Ecological Behavior".Journal of Psycology, 19, 1-19.##Kalantari, A., Talebi, M., Momen, A.R. (2013). "A review of the theoretical framework of environmental sociology".University of tehran. [In Persian].##Meyer, M., wodak, R. (2001)."Methods of critical Discourse Analysis", sage publications, London, thousands, New Dehli.##Nozari, H. Jamshidiha, G. (2013)."Fairclough usefulness of critical discourse analysis of concrete texts".the texts produced at the recent media focus on economic and social crisis in Europe and America. Social Studies and Research in Iran, 153-176.##[In Persian].Peyncook, E. (1999)."Incommensurable discourses".Translated by Soltani, A. Political Science Quarterly, 4 (1), 118-157. [In Persian].##Qajari, H. (2008), "the development of Shi'ite fundamentalism in Iran and why it’s hegemonic" political sociology doctoral dissertation, University of Tarbiat Modarres. [In Persian].##Qajari, H. & Nazari, J. (2013)."Application of discourse analysis in social research". Tehran: sociologists press. [In Persian].##Redclift, M. R. Benton, T. (1994)."Social Theory and the Global Environment", Routledge.##Renani, M. (2010)."discussion titled continuing instability is the main obstacle to development", Iran's Outlook Magazine, September and October. [In Persian].##Rezai, F. (2008). "Primary school textbook content analysis on the global educational component", Master Thesis, faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran. [In Persian].##Salehi, S (2008) "People and The environment". A Study of Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour in Iran” PhD thesis University of Leeds.##Salehi, S. Mahmoudi, H. Dibai, N. Karimizadeh, S. (2012). "Analysis of the relationship between environmental attitudes and new household energy consumption", Environ-mental Science, Vol. IX, No. 4. [In Persian].##Salehi, S. Firuzjayyan, A. Gholamrezazadeh shirazi, F. (2014)."Environmental discourse analysis of socio-economic development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran", Journal of Social Welfare and Development Planning, 21, University of Allame Taba-tabaie. [In Persian].##Silverman, D. (2000). "Qualitative research method in sociology". Translated by Solasi, M. Tebyan Cultural institution. [In Persian].##Soltani, A. (2005)."Power, discourse and language", mechanisms of power in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Ney Publishing. [In Persian].##Tavakolinia, J & Shaali, M. (2012). "Regional inequality in Iran."Environmental planning Quarterly. 18, 1-15. [In Persian].##Taylor, D.E. (2000). "The rise of the environmental justice paradigm." American Behavioral Scientist, 43 (4): 508-80.##Worster, D. (1977) "Natures Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas," Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.##