Develop Model of Environmental Ethics Based on Caring Thinking through Critical Thinking for the Second Grade of High School Students in Hamadan

Firoozfar, Iraj; Faghihi, Alireza; Erfani, Nasrolah

doi:10.30473/ee.2020.7225

Develop Model of Environmental Ethics Based on Caring Thinking through Critical Thinking for the Second Grade of High School Students in Hamadan

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Student, Department of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

³ Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, Payame Noor University, Iran

10.30473/ee.2020.7225

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an environmental ethics model based on caring thinking through critical thinking of second-grade high school students in Hamadan. The research method was correlational and the data were collected by field method using with questionnaire. The statistical sample of the study included 986 second grade high school students in Hamadan who have been selected by simple random sampling. The measurement tools for data collection were Environmental Ethics Questionnaire, Caring Thinking Questionnaire, and Critical Thinking Questionnaire. The face validity of the questionnaires was approved by 15 faculty members of educational sciences. Also, their reliability was determined as α = 0.895, α = 0.915, and α = 0.923, respectively, by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Environmental Ethics, Caring Thinking, and Critical Thinking Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Method and utilizing SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed that the structural model of environmental ethics based on caring thinking has a good fit due to the critical thinking of second-grade high school students in Hamadan. According to this model, caring thinking, as well as critical thinking, have a significant effect on environmental ethics, but caring thinking does not have a significant effect on critical thinking. Therefore, it can be concluded that caring and critical thinking can be used to explain and predict the environmental ethics of second grade high school students.

Keywords

20.1001.1.23223057.1399.9.1.2.5

References

Abedi Sarvestani, A., Shahvali, M. & Mohagheghe damad, M. (2017). “The nature and perspectives of environmental ethics with emphasis on the Islamic perspective”. Ethics in Science & Technology, 2(1-2), 59-72. [In Persian].

Ahmadi, A., Meshkini, Gh. & Damirchi, H. (2017). “Investigating the relationship between gender and environmental citizenship (Case study: districts 3, 11 and 19 of Tehran)”. Women's Research, 8 (3), 1-18. [In Persian].

Azadkhani, P., Saadatnejhad, M. & Sharafkhani, J. (2018). “The evaluation of environmental education and environmental protection practices of female high school students in Ilam”. Human & Environment, 16(1), 139-153. [In Persian].

Azizi, V., Savari, M., Sadeghi, M. & Yavari, Gh. (2014). “Analysis of secondary school students in Hamadan attitude towards environmental protection”. Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 1(4), 20-28. [In Persian].

Bakhshkar, F. (2011). “The relationship between critical thinking skills and mental health of pre-university students in Hamadan”. Master Thesis in Philosophy of Education, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan. [In Persian].

Bandari, A., Jamshidi, O. & Sobhani, M. (2017). “Analysis of the relationship between the dimensions of environmental ethics of agricultural students”. Quarterly Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology. 14(3), 49-56. [In Persian].

Bazrafkan, N. (2016). “Environmental ethics of farmers and the factors affecting it (Studied in Darsayiban village of Larestan city)”. Master Thesis, Yasouj University. [In Persian].

Bourdeau P. (2004). “The man-nature relationship and environmental ethics”. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 72(1-2), 9-15.

Brunt, J. (2013). “Caring thinking: the new intelligence”. Retrieved from: http://webshare.northseattle.edu(1396/09/25)

Emami Gheshlagh, M., Hashemi, M., Mohebi, M. & Rostami, V. (2018). “The right to a healthy environment in the light of jurisprudential and moral principles”. Ethical research, 8(3), 143-157. [In Persian].

Ennis, R. H. (2010). “An outline of goals for a critical thinking curriculum and its assessment”. [cited 2010 NOU 11] Auai lable from: http://www.critical thinking. Net/ goals. Html.

Eslami, M. (2012). “Islam and environmental ethics with emphasis on the views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli”. Asrae, 4(4), 77-111. [In Persian].

Farahi, N. (2016). “Investigating the consumption pattern of chemical inputs and its relationship with the view of environmental ethics among gardeners in Gorgan city”. Master Thesis, Gorgan University. [In Persian].

Ghaedi, Y. (2016). “Theoretical foundations of philosophy for children”. Tehran: Meraat Publications. [In Persian].

Grim, J. & Tucker, M. E. eds. (2014). “Ecology and Religion”. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Haynes, J. (2002). “Children as Philosophers: Learning through enquiry and dialogue in the primary classroom”. London and New York: Routledge Falmer.

Hedayati, M., Rezayi, MH., Pirani, Z. & Hashemi, M. (2018). “The effect of implementing a philosophy program for children on value attitudes”. Thinking and Child, 7(2), 70-104. [In Persian].

Jones, T. (2017). “Playing detective to enhance critical thinking”. Teaching and learning, 12(1), 73-76.

Kalbali, M. & Shahi, S. (2015). “Methods of fostering critical thinking in students”. The Second National Conference A New Look at Transformation and Innovation in Education, Shiraz Higher Institute of Science and Technology. [In Persian].

Keller, D. R. (2010). “Environmental ethics: the big questions”. Chichester: Wiiley Press.

Kiani selmi, S. & Shateriyan, M. (2017). “Identification of socio-cultural factors affecting environmental protection (Case study: Citizens of Kashan)”. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 6(2),101-115. [In Persian].

Lipman, M (2003). “Thinking in education”. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Lipman, M. (2011). “Philosophy for children: Some assumptions and implications”. Ethics in Progress Quarterly, 2(1), 3-16.

Mahboobi, M. & Ramezani, N. (2011). “Assessment of environmental ethics of villagers in Golestan Province”. Ethics in Science and Technology, 6(3), 58-67. [In Persian].

Menatizadeh, M. & Gughar Karimi, H. (2017). “Critical analysis of environmental ethics theory: theory of Islamic ethics”. Journal of Bioethics, 6(20), 99-125. [In Persian].

Miller A (2013). “Environmental problem solving: Psychosocialborriers to adaptive change”. New York: Springer Publication.

Motlaghmajd, S. (2010). “Management of thought and cognition in the field of ethics based on verses and hadiths”. Master Thesis, Faculty of Science and Hadith, Tehran. [In Persian].

Nabavi, S. A. & Shahriari, M. (2015). “Religion, ethics and the environment”. Human and Environmental Quarterly, 29(1), 70-84. [In Persian].

Rezvani, M., Kazemi, M. & Arefian, M. (2013). “The relationship between the family socio-demographic characteristics and the environmental ethics of the high school students in Abhar”. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 1(2), 13-23. [In Persian].

Saef, A. (2012). “Modern breeding psychology, Learning and Education Psychology”. Tehran: Agah Publications. [In Persian].

Sharp, A. (2007). “Education of the emotions in the classroom community of inquiry”. Gifted Education International, 22(2), 248-257.

Shoarinezhad, A. (1991). “General Psychology”. Tehran: Toos. [In Persian].

Shobeyri, S. M.)2017). “Thinking styles and environmental behavior and attitudes among high school students”. Quarterly Journal of Education, 33 (2), 41-66. [In Persian].

Sprod, T. (2001). “Philosophical Discussion in Moral Education, The community of ethical inquiry”. London and New York: Routledge.

Sternberg, R. J. (2007). “Mental self-government: A theory of intellectual styles and their development”. Human Development, 31(4), 197-224.

Tayler, P. W. (2011). “Respect for nature: a theory of environmental ethics”. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Walsh, M. & Powell, A. (2015). “Quadruple thinking: Caring thinking”. International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology.

Williams, K. J. H. & Cary, J. (2002). “Landscape preferences, ecological quality and biodiversity protection”. Environment and Behavior, 34 (2), 257-274.