ارائه الگوی آموزش زمینه محور در درس علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی با تأکید بر حفظ محیط‌زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اراک، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران‏

3 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، ارائه الگوی آموزش زمینه محور در درس علوم تجربی دوره ابتدایی با تأکید بر ‏حفظ محیط‌زیست‏ است که با استفاده از رویکرد مبتنی ‏بر نظریه‌پردازی داده ‏بنیاد به‌صورت کیفی اجرا شده است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته استفاده و تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات به ‏روش استراوس و کوربین و مدل پارادایمی ‏انجام گرفت. نمونه‌گیری به روش نظری بود که بر مبنای آن 25 مصاحبه با معلمان ابتدایی استان مرکزی‏‎‏ انجام ‏یافت. نتایج داده‌­های به‌دست‌آمده از مصاحبه‌ها طی فرایند کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، ‏به ایجاد نظریه داده بنیاد در حوزه آموزش مبتنی بر زمینه در ‏درس علوم تجربی ‏دوره ‏ابتدایی منجر شد. جهت تعیین روایی از متخصصین موضوع و آگاه به موضوع علوم تجربی استفاده شد و برای تعیین پایایی از بازآزمون و توافق درون موضوعی استفاده گردید که مقدار 84/0 به دست آمد. الگوی پیشنهادی در این پژوهش شامل ابعاد ‏و مؤلفه­‌های مؤثر، موانع و راهبردها، شرایط على، زمینه‌ای، واسطه‌ای و عناصر تشکیل‌دهنده است که پدیده محوری، پیامدها و راهبردها را نشان می‎­‎دهد. بر اساس ‏بررسی به‌عمل‌آمده آموزش مبتنی بر زمینه در درس ‏علوم تجربی ‏ با تأکید بر محیط‌زیست چندبخشی ‏است که متأثر از مجموعه‌­ای از عوامل سخت‌افزاری و نرم‌افزاری ‏است؛ بنابراین اگر امروزه آموزش مبتنی بر زمینه در درس علوم تجربی ‏دوره ‏ابتدایی به این مهارت­ها مجهز نشوند، حفظ محیط‌زیست محقق نخواهد شد؛ بنابراین یکپارچگی ‏این عوامل در ‏درس علوم تجربی ‏دوره ‏ابتدایی می­‌تواند در حفظ، افزایش و گسترش سواد زیست‌محیطی دانش­آموزان کمک‌کننده باشد.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Context-Based Education Model for the Elementary School Science Course with an Emphasis on Environmental Conservation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Naeemi 1
  • Faeze Nateghi 2
  • Mahnaz Jalalvandi 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Educational Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research aims to provide a context-based teaching model in the elementary school science course with an emphasis on environmental conservation, which has been qualitatively implemented using a grounded theory approach. To collect information, a semi-structured interview was used, and Strauss and Corbin's method and paradigm model were applied for data analysis. Sampling was conducted using a theoretical method, based on 25 interviews with elementary school teachers in the Central Province. The results of the data obtained from the interviews during the process of open, axial, and selective coding led to the creation of grounded theory in the field of context-based education in the elementary school science course. To determine validity, subject experts and experts in the field of science education were consulted, and to assess reliability, retesting and intra-subject agreement were used, with a reliability value of 0.84. The proposed model in this research includes dimensions and effective components, obstacles and strategies, causal, contextual, and mediating conditions, as well as constituent elements that demonstrate the central phenomenon, consequences, and strategies. Based on the research, context-based education in science with an emphasis on the environment is multi-dimensional, influenced by a set of hardware and software factors. Therefore, if today’s context-based education in the elementary school science course is not equipped with these skills, environmental protection will not be achieved. The integration of these factors in the elementary science course can help in maintaining, increasing, and expanding students' environmental literacy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Context-oriented Education
  • Data Foundation
  • Elementary Course
  • Sciences Course
  • Environment
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