Comparison of the Effectiveness of Face-to-Face and Virtual Education Using the Comprehensive Citizenship Education Package on Environmental and Sustainable Development Behaviors

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Ph.D. of Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده

Considering the unbreakable links between human behavior, environmental health, and the well-being of all species, education for citizenship behavior, the environment, and sustainable development has emerged as a beacon of hope, leading humanity towards a more harmonious relationship with our planet. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual education using a comprehensive package of citizenship education on the environmental and sustainable development behaviors of students. The experimental method employed a four-group design, including two test groups (face-to-face and virtual) and two control groups, with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design. Among the students of Azad University of Isfahan in the winter and spring of 2023, 25 individuals who met the desired entry criteria were selected for each group and randomly assigned to 4 groups. Citizenship education was implemented using a researcher-made package with a specialized reliability of 0.93, delivered in person for one group and virtually for another group. Data were collected using the Irannezhad et al. (2023) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software version 26. The findings of this research showed that both face-to-face and virtual education were effective in enhancing environmental behaviors and sustainable development. There was no significant difference between the outcomes of the behaviors resulting from the two educational methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Face-to-Face and Virtual Education Using the Comprehensive Citizenship Education Package on Environmental and Sustainable Development Behaviors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Irannezhad 1
  • Ali Mehdad 2
  • Mohsen Golparvar 3
1 Ph.D. of Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Considering the unbreakable links between human behavior, environmental health, and the well-being of all species, education for citizenship behavior, the environment, and sustainable development has emerged as a beacon of hope, leading humanity towards a more harmonious relationship with our planet. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual education using a comprehensive package of citizenship education on the environmental and sustainable development behaviors of students. The experimental method employed a four-group design, including two test groups (face-to-face and virtual) and two control groups, with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design. Among the students of Azad University of Isfahan in the winter and spring of 2023, 25 individuals who met the desired entry criteria were selected for each group and randomly assigned to 4 groups. Citizenship education was implemented using a researcher-made package with a specialized reliability of 0.93, delivered in person for one group and virtually for another group. Data were collected using the Irannezhad et al. (2023) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software version 26. The findings of this research showed that both face-to-face and virtual education were effective in enhancing environmental behaviors and sustainable development. There was no significant difference between the outcomes of the behaviors resulting from the two educational methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Citizenship
  • Education
  • Effectiveness
  • Environment
  • Face-to-Face
  • Sustainable development
  • Virtual
Al-Qatawneh, S.S., Alsalhi, N.R., Eltahir, E. (2019). “The Citizenship Values included in intermediate stage Arabic-language textbook and teachers’ awareness of them in the UAE”: A case study. Heliyon 5: 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02809.
Bonnesen, L. (2020). “Children’s lived citizenship learning processes: Impact of a voluntary approach”. Children and Youth Services Review, 110:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104807
Brett, P. (2017). “Making Connections between Civics and Citizenship and Education for Sustainability”. In book: Peterson, A., and Tudball, L. (Eds). Civics and Citizenship Education in Australia: Challenges, Practices and International Perspectives, Chp: 10, pp.165-185. Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing: Sydney. Retrieved from: 10.5040/9781474248228.ch-011.
Cao, B. (2018, Mar-Feb). “Defining Environmental Citizenship”. 1st European Joint Meeting, 28 Feb-2 Mar 2018, Lemessos, Cyprus. https://enec-cost.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Keynote-Presentation-by-Dr-Benito-Cao-The-University-of-Adelaide-Australia-Defining-Environmental-Citizenship.pdf
Dean, J. A. Lindsay, J., Fielding, S. K., & Smith, D.G. L. (2016). “Fostering water sensitive citizenship – Community profiles of engagement in water-related issues”. Environmental Science & Policy, 55: 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.10.016
Faecks, B., Smits, M., & Möller, I. (2022). “The Evolution of Sustainable Development in the Voluntary Carbon Market”. MSc Thesis. Environmental Policy Group. Washington University.
Fuertes-Camacho, M.T., Graell-Martín, M., Fuentes-Loss, M., Balaguer-Fàbregas, M.C. (2019). “Integrating Sustainability into Higher Education Curricula through the Project Method, a Global Learning Strategy”. Sustainability, 11, 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030767
Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (2003). ‘Educational Research: An Introduction’. (7th ed.). New York: Longman, Inc.
Gisewhite, R.A. (2023). “A whale of a time: engaging in a war of values for youth activism in science education”. Cult Stud of Sci Educ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-022-10140-5
Gonçalves, H. (2022). “Welfare-Partnership Dynamics and Sustainable Development”. Sustainability, 14, 7819. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137819
Hadjichambis, A., Hadjichambi, P. D. (2019, nov). “Environmental Citizenship Questionnaire (ECQ)–Insights from a Cyprus study”. 1st Conference of International Researchers of the Education for Environmental Citizenship, Malaga, Spain.
Hadjichambis, Ch., A., Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, D. R. P., Činčera, J., Boeve-de Pauw, J., Gericke, N., Knippels, M.K. (Eds.). (2020). “Conceptualizing Environmental Citizenship for 21st Century Education”. Springer. Witzerland. 264 P.
Irannezhad, E., Mehdad, A., & Golparvar, M. (2023). “Constructing and validating a collection of citizenship behavior questionnaires for students”. Strategic Research on Social Problems in Iran, in press. [In Persian]. Doi:10.22108/SRSPI.2023.137899.1909
Irannezhad, E., Mehdad, A., & Golparvar, M. (2024). “Developing a comprehensive package of citizenship education based on the new dimensions of this phenomenon: a qualitative study”. Social Psychology Research, 13(52). in press. [In Persian].
Jaufar, S. (2021). “Shaping of sustainable citizenship among young people of Kulhudhuffushi, Maldives and Hamilton, New Zealand: context, conditions and experiences”. Sustainable Earth, 4(1): 1-12. doi.org/10.1186/s42055-020-00040-3
Kovách, I., Megyesi, G. B., Barthes, A., Oral, V. H., and Smederevac-Lalic, M. (2021). “Knowledge Use in Education for Environmental Citizenship—Results of Four Case Studies in Europe (France, Hungary, Serbia, Turkey)”. Sustainability13(19). 11118; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911118
Lubowiecki-Vikuk, A., Dabrowska, A. & Machnik, A. (2021). “Responsible consumer and lifestyle: Sustainability insights”. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 91–101. DOI:10.1016/j.spc.2020.08.007
Mansoori, S., Salarikohfini, Z., and Ghasemali, M. (2020). “A Comprison Between the Effectiveness of E-learning and Blended Learning in Industrial Training”. Interdiscip J Virtual Learn Med Sci, 11(1): 46-53.
Meerah, M. S. T., Halim, L. and Nedson, T. (2010). “Environmental citizenship: What level of knowledge, attitude, skill and participation the student awn?” Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2: 5715-5719.
Nurwaqidah, S., Suciati, S. N. & Ramli, M. (2019). “Environmental Literacy Mapping Based on Adiwiyata and Non Adiwiyata at Junior High School in Ponorogo”, in The First International Conference on Education, Science and Training: Empowering Educational Human Resources for Global Competitiveness, Social Sciences, pages 179–190. DOI 10.18502/kss. v3i15.4365
Paul, J., and Jefferson, F. (2019). “A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course from 2009 to 2016. Original Research”, Front. Comput. Sci. 1:7-16. doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007
Rejekiningsih, T. (2015). Law Awareness Forming Strategies to Reinforce the Principles of Social Function of Land Rights within the Moral Dimension of Citizenship, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 69-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.011.
Salimi, J. (2020). A Study of “Citizenship Education” on the Curriculum: Research Synthesis of the Relative Studies in two Recent Decades. Jcr. Shirazu, 9(2), 255-287. https://jcr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5535.html
Sedita, R. S., Blasi, S., and Yang, J. (2022). “The cultural dimensions of sustainable development: A cross-country configurational analysis”. Sustainable Development, 30(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2351
Telešienė, A., Pauw, B. J., Goldman, D. and Hansmann, R. (2021). “Evaluating an Educational Intervention Designed to Foster Environmental Citizenship among Undergraduate University Students”. Sustainability 13(15): 8219. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158219
Vermeulen, S.J., Park, T., Khoury, C.K. and Béné, C. (2020). “Changing diets and the transformation of the global food system”. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1478: 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14446
Yusliza, Y. M., Amirudin, A., Rahadi, A. R., Athirah, N.S. N.A, Ramayah, T., Muhammad, Z., Dal Mas, F., Massaro, M., Saputra, J., and Mokhlis, K.S. (2020). “An Investigation of Pro-Environmental Behaviour and Sustainable Development in Malaysia”. Sustainability, 12: 7083. Retrieved from: doi: 10.3390/su12177083.
Zuurmond, A., Guérin, L., vanderPloeg, P. & vanRiet, D. (2023). “Learning to question the status quo. Critical thinking, citizenship education and Bildung in vocational education”. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 20. DOI: 10.1080/13636820.2023.2166573