Obstacles to Achieving SDG3 in Sub-Saharan Countries: Perspectives from Zimbabwe

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, School of Economics: University of Johannesburg.

چکیده

The paper’s purpose was to investigate the obstacles the Zimbabwean government faces as it works towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal 3, which speaks of health and well-being for all. Various obstacles were observed, such as political and economic issues, personnel leaving for greener pastures, dilapidated infrastructure, and a lack of monitoring and evaluation systems that allow tracking of the goals. The author used a qualitative method and adopted a document review for data collection. Three major documents were used: The Ministry of Health and Child Care’s national policy (2021-2025), the World Health Organization 2023 report, and UNDP’s 2020 Zimbabwe’s SDG Progress report. The researcher scanned through the documents and highlighted areas where they discussed the SDG 3 challenges faced. The results confirmed that Zimbabwe is facing numerous challenges, including a fragmented procurement system and political and economic issues. The study's practical implications are that this document may remind policymakers that the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 3, cannot be ignored, but effort is needed to ensure that all obstacles impeding the attainment of SDG 3 are addressed. Policymakers should provide a conducive environment that allows the ministries concerned to work towards the attainment of SDG 3. Healthy people are productive, and the focus will be on improving everyone's life, hence the need for SDG 3 to be fulfilled so no one is left behind. Significant progress is made when people are protected from illness, premature death is avoided, and the overall health of the population is improved. Issues such as inequalities and poverty are eradicated, and people enjoy prosperity and justice. The study is original and seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge regarding SDG 3, the challenges Zimbabwe is facing, and how they can be addressed to protect its citizens from diseases, improve prosperity, and enhance socio-economic factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Obstacles to Achieving SDG3 in Sub-Saharan Countries: Perspectives from Zimbabwe

نویسنده [English]

  • Crossman Mayavo
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, School of Economics: University of Johannesburg.
چکیده [English]

The paper’s purpose was to investigate the obstacles the Zimbabwean government faces as it works towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal 3, which speaks of health and well-being for all. Various obstacles were observed, such as political and economic issues, personnel leaving for greener pastures, dilapidated infrastructure, and a lack of monitoring and evaluation systems that allow tracking of the goals. The author used a qualitative method and adopted a document review for data collection. Three major documents were used: The Ministry of Health and Child Care’s national policy (2021-2025), the World Health Organization 2023 report, and UNDP’s 2020 Zimbabwe’s SDG Progress report. The researcher scanned through the documents and highlighted areas where they discussed the SDG 3 challenges faced. The results confirmed that Zimbabwe is facing numerous challenges, including a fragmented procurement system and political and economic issues. The study's practical implications are that this document may remind policymakers that the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 3, cannot be ignored, but effort is needed to ensure that all obstacles impeding the attainment of SDG 3 are addressed. Policymakers should provide a conducive environment that allows the ministries concerned to work towards the attainment of SDG 3. Healthy people are productive, and the focus will be on improving everyone's life, hence the need for SDG 3 to be fulfilled so no one is left behind. Significant progress is made when people are protected from illness, premature death is avoided, and the overall health of the population is improved. Issues such as inequalities and poverty are eradicated, and people enjoy prosperity and justice. The study is original and seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge regarding SDG 3, the challenges Zimbabwe is facing, and how they can be addressed to protect its citizens from diseases, improve prosperity, and enhance socio-economic factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Development Goal
  • Obstacles
  • Instability
  • Equality
  • Health

مراجع

Abdulai, M., Owiredu, D., Boadu, I., Tabong, P. T.-N., Sarfo, B., Bonful, H. A., Addo- Lartey, A., Akuffo, K. O., & Danso-Appiah, A. (2023). Psychosocial interventions and their effectiveness on quality of life among elderly persons living with HIV in Africa South of the Sahara: Systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLOS ONE, 18(9), e0291781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291781
Achoki, T., Sartorius, B., Watkins, D., Glenn, S. D., Kengne, A. P., Oni, T., Wiysonge, C. S., Walker, A., Adetokunboh, O. O., Babalola, T. K., Bolarinwa, O. A., Claassens, M. M., Cowden, R. G., Day, C. T., Ezekannagha, O., Ginindza, T. G., Iwu, C. C. D., Iwu, C. J., Karangwa, I., … Naghavi, M. (2022). Health trends, inequalities and opportunities in South Africa’s provinces, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 76(5), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-217480
Aderinto, N., Oladipo, E., Amao, O., & Omonigbehin, O. (2023). Africa vaccinating Africa: Pre- and post-COVID-19 perspectives, challenges, future prospects, and sustainability. Journal of Global Health, 13, 03006. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.13.03006
Aftab, W., Siddiqui, F. J., Tasic, H., Perveen, S., Siddiqi, S., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Implementation of health and health-related sustainable development goals: Progress, challenges and opportunities – a systematic literature review. BMJ Global Health, 5(8), e002273. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002273
Ajaero, C. K., De Wet, N., & Odimegwu, C. O. (2022). Integrating rural–urban differentials in the appraisal of prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. GeoJournal, 87(2), 829–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10282-5
Althoff, K. N., Smit, M., Reiss, P., & Justice, A. C. (2016). HIV and ageing: Improving quantity and quality of life. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 11(5), 527–536. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000305
Bednar, H. S., Adeboyejo, R., Sidibe, T., Powell, R., Monroe, J., Mmanywa, M. S., & Zeramula, L. T. (2023). Building Global Health Systems Capacity During COVID-19 to Improve Vaccination Access and Reduce Hesitancy: Case Studies in Zambia and Tanzania. Health Security, 21(5), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2023.0004
Bora, J., Raushan, R., & Lutz, W. (2019). The persistent influence of caste on under-five mortality: factors that explain the caste-based gap in high focus indian states. Plos One, 14(8), e0211086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211086
Budhathoki, S., Pokharel, P., Good, S., Limbu, S., Bhattachan, M., & Osborne, R. (2017). The potential of health literacy to address the health related un sustainable development goal 3 (sdg3) in nepal: a rapid review. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2183-6
Bhardwaj, S., Pattinson, R., Kauchali, S., Dlamini, N., Marshall, C., Van Der Merwe, M., & Barron, P. (2018). Implementation of strategies to improve programme effectiveness lead to an improvement in maternal and child health outcomes in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 108(3a), 44. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v108i3b.12812
Butcher, M. (2022). Qualitative research methods I: Emotionally engaged approaches to working with vulnerable participants. Progress in Human Geography, 46(3), 907–914. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325221083212
Chapungu, L., & Nhamo, G. (2024). Status quo of sustainable development goals localisation in Zimbabwean universities: Students perspectives and reflections. Sustainable Futures, 7, 100147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2023.100147
Chipunza, T., & Nhamo, S. (2023). Health and Healthcare Delivery in Zimbabwe: Past and Present. In D. Mhlanga & E. Ndhlovu (Eds.), Post-Independence Development in Africa (pp. 171–194). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30541-2_10
Chimbindi, N., Bor, J., Newell, M. L., Tanser, F., Baltussen, R., & Hontelez, J. (2018). Time and money: The true costs of health care utilization for patients receiving ‘free’ HIV/tuberculosis care and treatment in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 75(1), 101–108.
Cornell, M., Johnson, L. F., Schomaker, M., Tanser, F., Maskew, M., Wood, R., Prozesky, H., Giddy, J., Stinson, K., Egger, M., Boulle, A., & Myer, L. (2015). Age in antiretroviral therapy programmes in South Africa: A retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort study. The Lancet HIV, 2(9), e368–e375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00113-7
Craveiro, I., & Dussault, G. (2016). The impact of global health initiatives on the health system in Angola. Global Public Health, 11(4), 475–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1128957
Drapkina, O. M., Maslennikova, G. Ya., & Shepel, R. N. (2021). Strategies for diseases prevention: The role of the general practitioner and primary health care. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina, 24(8), 7. https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed2021240817
Dzobo, M., Chirisa, I., Dzinamarira, T., & COVID-19 WHO African Region Case Study Research Consortium. (2021). Zimbabwe's response to COVID-19: A case study. Global Health Research and Policy, 6(1), 3.
Fluck, R. A., & Jaffe, M. J. (1975). Cholinesterases from plant tissues. VI. Preliminary characterization of enzymes from Solanum melongena L. and Zea mays L. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 410(1), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2744(75)90213-2
Fotio, H. K., Adams, S., Nkengfack, H., & Poumie, B. (2023). Achieving sustainable development goal 7 in Africa: Does globalization matter for electricity access, renewable energy consumption, and energy efficiency? Utilities Policy, 82, 101545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101545
Fonseca, L., Domingues, P., & Dima, A. (2020). Mapping the sustainable development goals relationships. Sustainability, 12(8), 3359. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083359
González-Pier, E., Barraza-Lloréns, M., Beyeler, N., Jamison, D., Knaul, F., Lozano, R., … & Sepúlveda, J. (2016). Mexico's path towards the sustainable development goal for health: an assessment of the feasibility of reducing premature mortality by 40% by 2030. The Lancet Global Health, 4(10), e714-e725. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30181-4
Gotora, E. (2022). Health system in zimbabwe and delay in seeking health care of breast cancer among women. Athens Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 8(4), 343-364. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-4-3
Güzel, A., Arslan, Ü., & Acaravci, A. (2021). The impact of economic, social, and political globalization and democracy on life expectancy in low-income countries: are sustainable development goals contradictory?. Environment Development and Sustainability, 23(9), 13508-13525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01225-2
Goga, A., Feucht, U., Zar, H. J., Vanker, A., Wiysonge, C. S., McKerrow, N., Wright, C. Y., Loveday, M., Odendaal, W., Ramokolo, V., Ramraj, T., Bamford, L., Green, R. J., Pillay, Y., & Nannan, N. (2019). Neonatal, infant and child health in South Africa: Reflecting on the past towards a better future. South African Medical Journal, 109(11b), 83. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i11b.14301
Haider, H. (2022). Malaria, hiv and tb in zimbabwe: epidemiology, disease control challenges and interventions. https://doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.037
Haywood, L. K., & Boihang, M. (2021). Business and the SDGs: Examining the early disclosure of the SDGs in annual reports. Development Southern Africa, 38(2), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818548
Hungwe, C. (2022). Aging in Zimbabwe: Reflections 41 Years after Independence. The Gerontologist, 62(2), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab138
Ihekweazu, C., Ncube, F., Schoub, B., Blumberg, L., Ruggles, R., Salter, M., Madhi, S., & Kessel, A. (2015). A North/South collaboration between two national public health institutes – A model for global health protection. Journal of Public Health Policy, 36(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2014.52
Jaiyesimi, R. (2016). The Challenge of Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: The Way Forward. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 20(3), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.1
Jumare, F., Ogujiuba, K., & Nancy, S. (2013). Health Sector Reforms: Implications for Maternal and Child Healthcare in South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n6p593
Kickbusch, I., & Szabo, M. M. (2014). A new governance space for health. Global Health Action, 7(1), 23507. doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23507
Kidia, K. K. (2018). The future of health in Zimbabwe. Global Health Action, 11(1), 1496888. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1496888
Koplan, J. P., Bond, T. C., Merson, M. H., Reddy, K. S., Rodriguez, M. H., Sewankambo, N. K., ... & Wasserheit, J. N. (2009). Towards a common definition of global health. The Lancet, 373(9679), 1993–1995. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60332-9
Kuper, H., Smythe, T., Kujinga, T., Chivandire, G., & Rusakaniko, S. (2022). Should disability-inclusive health be a priority in low-income countries? a case-study from zimbabwe. Global Health Action, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2022.2032929
Le R Booysen, F. (2003). Urban–rural inequalities in health care delivery in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 20(5), 659–673. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835032000149298
Leal Filho, W., Brandli, L. L., Lange Salvia, A., Rayman-Bacchus, L., & Platje, J. (2020). COVID-19 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Threat to Solidarity or an Opportunity? Sustainability, 12(13), 5343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135343
Lehman, L. R. (1979). Success story. Nursing, 9(5), 152. https://doi.org/10.1097/00152193-197905000-00031
McCoy, D., Chand, S., & Sridhar, D. (2009). Global health funding: How much, where it comes from and where it goes. Health Policy and Planning, 24(6), 407–417. doi:10.1093/heapol/czp026
Makumbe, K. (2018). The role of community involvement in health care. The Lancet Global Health, 6(1), e19–e20.
Mangundu, M., Roets, L., & Janse Van Rensburg, E. (2023). A strategic action plan to enhance the accessibility of healthcare in rural areas of Zimbabwe. Global Public Health, 18(1), 2234982. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2023.2234982
Mangundu, M., Roets, L., & Rensberg, E. (2020). Accessibility of healthcare in rural zimbabwe: the perspective of nurses and healthcare users. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2245
Mbunge, E., Fashoto, S. G., Akinnuwesi, B., Metfula, A., Simelane, S., & Ndumiso, N. (2021). Ethics for integrating emerging technologies to contain COVID ‐19 in Zimbabwe. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(5), 876–890. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.277
Moyo, C., & Zirima, H. (2018). The impact of economic meltdown on health service delivery in Zimbabwe. Annals of Global Health, 84(1), 159–165.
Ministry of Health and Child Care Zimbabwe. (2017). Health Sector Strategic Plan 2016-2020. Retrieved from https://www.uhc2030.org/fileadmin/uploads/ihp/Documents/Country_Pages/Zimbabwe/MOHCC_Zimbabwe_HSSP_2016_2020.pdf‏
 
فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 12، شماره 4
1403
صفحه 21-36

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار