مدیریت محیطی، حفاظت از اراضی کشاورزی در روستاهای در معرض گسترش خانه‌های دوم و لزوم آموزش مدیران محلی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان شمیرانات)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیای روستایی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

10.30473/ee.2024.66905.2605

چکیده

عوامل متعددی ازجمله گسترش خانه‌های دوم، باعث تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی و تبدیل آنها به مسکونی (خانه‌های دوم) می‌شود. این امر باعث از دست رفتن اراضی و یا کاهش فعالیت‌های کشاورزی می‌شود. با عنایت به نقش کشاورزی در تأمین امنیت غذایی، به‌کارگیری مدیریت محیطی در نواحی روستایی به‌منظور محافظت از اراضی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی برای بهره‌برداری پایدار از اراضی کشاورزی ضروری است. ازاین‌رو آموزش مدیریت محیطی یکی از اولویت‌های مدیریت راهبردی کشورها قلمداد شده و بررسی تأثیر آن بر ممانعت از تغییر اراضی کشاورزی و تبدیل آن به خانه‌های دوم از اولویت بالایی برخوردار است. محدوده موردمطالعه نیز به دلیل وجود شرایط آب و هوایی مناسب و چشم‌اندازهای زیبای کوهستانی، در طول چند دهه اخیر بر اثر گسترش خانه‌های دوم، با تغییر کاربری اراضی روبه گسترشی مواجه بوده است. این پژوهش که با استفاده از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی انجام پذیرفته، نقش آموزش مدیریت محیطی در حفاظت از اراضی کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی در معرض گسترش خانه‌های دوم شهرستان شمیرانات را مطالعه می‌نماید. اطلاعات لازم با استفاده از سه پرسشنامه خانوار ساکن، صاحبان ویلا و مدیران محلی به‌دست‌آمده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که با وجود این‌که مدیریت محیطی روستایی نقش مؤثری در ممانعت از تغییر اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان شمیرانات دارد، ولی به آموزش مدیریت محیطی آن‌طور که شایسته است توجه نشده، درنتیجه طی سال‌های 35 تا 93 ساخت خانه‌های دوم روندی افزایشی داشته و اراضی کشاورزی و باغات و مراتع روندی کاهشی داشته‌اند، به‌طوری‌که نسبت اراضی مسکونی از 23/0 به 54/2 درصد و اراضی کشاورزی و باغات از 54/8 به 44/7 درصد رسیده است. ازاین‌رو ارتقای عملکرد مدیران محلی برای مقابله با تغییر کاربری اراضی مستلزم آموزش مدیران محلی در این زمینه است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Management and the Protection of Agricultural Lands in Villages Exposed to the Expansion of Second Homes: The Necessity of Training Local Managers (Case Study: Shemiranat County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghadir Firoznia 1
  • Abdolreza Rokendin Eftekhari 2
  • Samira Pourjafar 3
1 Associate Professor. Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 M.Sc. in Rural Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Several factors, including the expansion of second homes, lead to the conversion of agricultural lands into residential areas (second homes), resulting in the loss of land or a reduction in agricultural activities. Given the critical role of agriculture in ensuring food security, implementing environmental management in rural areas is essential for protecting agricultural lands and natural resources to enable their sustainable use. Therefore, environmental management training is considered one of the strategic priorities of many countries, and examining its impact on preventing the conversion of agricultural land into second homes is of high importance. The study area has also experienced significant land use changes over the past few decades due to favorable climatic conditions and scenic mountain views, which have contributed to the spread of second homes. This descriptive-analytical research investigates the role of environmental management training in the protection of agricultural lands in rural areas at risk of second-home expansion in Shemiranat County. Data were collected using three questionnaires administered to resident households, villa owners, and local managers. The findings indicate that although rural environmental management plays an effective role in preventing land use change in Shemiranat County, environmental management education has not received the attention it deserves. Consequently, from 1993 to 2015, there has been a growing trend in the construction of second homes, while agricultural lands, gardens, and pastures have been in decline. Specifically, the proportion of residential lands increased from 0.23% to 2.54%, while agricultural lands and gardens decreased from 8.54% to 7.44%. Thus, enhancing the performance of local managers in addressing land use changes necessitates targeted training in environmental management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Management
  • Agricultural Lands
  • Land Use Change
  • Second Homes
  • Local Manager Training
  • Shemiranat

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فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 13، شماره 3
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