نگرش عشایر به پیامدهای اجتماعی خشکسالی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن: مورد مطالعه عشایر منطقه دریلا در شهرستان گچساران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

مرور مطالعات خشکسالی در جامعه­ عشایری نشان می­دهد رفتار عشایر در مواجهه با خشکسالی تحت تأثیر نگرش آنها به این پدیده است. از این­رو، پژوهش حاضر به دنبال بررسی نگرش عشایر به پیامدهای اجتماعی خشکسالی و شناسایی سازه­های مؤثر بر آن بود که از روش کمّی پیمایش استفاده شد. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها، پرسش­نامه­ای محقق ساخته بود که جامعه آماری آن را عشایر منطقه دریلا (200 خانوار) در شهرستان گچساران تشکیل دادند. حجم نمونه مورد پژوهش بر اساس جدول بارتلت و همکاران، 132 خانوار تعیین و به شیوه­ نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده با انتساب متناسب توزیع شد. روایی پرسش­نامه با به­کارگیری پانلی از متخصصان مورد تأیید قرار گرفت و پایایی آن نیز با انجام مطالعه­ای راهنما در خارج از جامعه آماری و محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (73/0- 61/0) تأیید شد. یافته­ها نشان داد، نگرش عشایر نسبت به خشکسالی منفی است. آنها خشکسالی را پدیده­ای ویرانگر، لیکن قابل کنترل ارزیابی نموده­اند. همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مسیر نشان داد، متغیر آگاهی نسبت به خشکسالی، بیشترین اثر مستقیم معنی­دار و مثبت را بر نگرش عشایر نسبت به خشکسالی داشت. وضعیت مشابهی نیز برای متغیرهای تعداد دام و تعداد افراد خانوار مشاهده شد. این در حالی است که متغیرهای ظرفیت پروانه چرا و هنجار ذهنی هر دو اثر معنادار مستقیم لیکن منفی بر نگرش نسبت به خشکسالی داشتند. در پایان بر اساس یافته­های پژوهش، سرمایه­گذاری­های حمایتی دولت با هدف گسترش فعالیت­های مزرعه­محور توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nomads’ Attitude towards Drought and its Determinants: The Case of Nomad Region of Derila, Gachsaran County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kh. Rashednasab
  • M. Ahmadvand
  • M. Sharifzadeh
Yasouj University
چکیده [English]

Reviewing drought literature among nomads revealed that, nomads’ copings mechanisms towards drought are affected by their attitude and perception of drought. Therefore, this survey study aims at investigating nomads’ attitude towards drought and analyzing its contributing factors. The main data gathering device was researcher made questionnaires which were fulfilled by face to face interviews conducted among 200 nomad households living at Derila region, Gachsaran County as the study population. Bartlett’s table was used to determine statistical sample size and 132 households were selected based on randomly quota sampling procedures. Face validity of questionnaires was confirmed by panel of experts and its internal consistency was- further assessed and confirmed by using Chronbach's alpha coefficient growing out of a pilot study (0.61-0.73). Results revealed that nomads held negative attitude toward drought and viewed it as a destroyer and at the same time as controllable phenomenon. Path analysis results showed that the most contribution to nomads' attitude was belonged to awareness towards drought by making direct and positive effect. Similar relations were also observed for number of livestock and household size factors, whereas the grazing capacity license and subjective norms had statistically negative direct effect on attitude towards drought. Finally, the practical suggestions were focused on public investment in order to present and improve farm based extension programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nomad development
  • Drought
  • Coping Strategies
  • Attitude
  • Derila region

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