نفوذ بیانیه استکهلم1972 در روند آموزش و نهادینه شدن اصول و مفاهیم حاکم بر محیط زیست در حوزه حقوق بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه پیام نور

2 گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

اساس شکل­گیری حقوق بین­الملل محیط زیست بر پایه حقوق نرم می­باشد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نفوذ بیانیه استکهلم1972 بر روند آموزش و نهادینه شدن اصول و مفاهیم حاکم بر محیط زیست به روش اسنادی و درقالب پژوهش توصیفی_تحلیلی انجام شد. کنفرانس سازمان ملل متحد در زمینه محیط زیست انسانی، به عنوان اولین کنفرانس عمده در زمینه مسائل بین­المللى محیط زیست، برآمده از رشد سریع آگاهی­هاى جهانى در مورد محیط زیست بین­المللى در دهه 1960 می­باشد. باتوجه به این که سند پایانی این کنفرانس در ردیف اسناد غیرالزام آور جای دارد، این سؤال مطرح است که آیا این بیانیه در روند آموزش و نهادینه شدن حقوق محیط زیست نافذ بوده است؟ در همین راستا به دلیل ضرورت تبیین هرچه بیشتر اسناد غیرالزام­آور در حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست، نسبت به مطالعه و بررسی اسناد و منابع متأثر از این بیانیه اقدام شد. بررسی­ها نشان داد که این بیانیه به عنوان نقطه عطفی در فرایند آموزش و توسعه حقوق محیط زیست با به رسمیت شناختن حق برخورداری از محیط زیست سالم، ارتباط تنگاتنگ میان محیط زیست و حقوق بنیادین بشر را مورد توجه قرارداده است و با پیشنهاد تشکیل نهادهای بین­المللی، همچون یونپ[1] و صندوق محیط زیست جهانی به روند همکاری­های جهانی در زمینه توسعه ساختاری و آموزش حقوق محیط زیست انسجام بخشیده و با گردآوری اصول و مفاهیم عرفی در یک متن حقوقی غیرالزام آور، زمینه تجلی و تصویب آن را در اسناد الزام آور بعدی فراهم آورده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The influence of the Stockholm Declaration of 1972 on the training and institutionalization of the principles and concepts governing the environment in the field of international law

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Rezaei 1
  • A. Jalalian 2
1 Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The basis of the formation of international environmental law is based on soft law. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the process of teaching and institutionalization of the principles and concepts governing the environment by documentary method and as a descriptive-analytical research. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, as the first major conference on international environmental issues, stems from the rapid growth of global awareness of the international environment in the 1960s. Given the fact that the final document of this conference is in the category of non-binding documents, it is questionable whether this statement was valid in the process of education and the institutionalization of environmental rights. In this regard, due to the necessity of explaining more non-binding documents in international environmental law, it was attempted to study the documents and resources affected by the statement. Studies have shown that this statement, as a milestone in the process of education and development of environmental rights, recognizes the right to a healthy environment, has drawn close attention to the environment and fundamental human rights, and proposes the formation of international institutions , Such as UNEP and the Global Environment Facility, have integrated the process of global cooperation in the field of structural development and education of environmental rights, and by collecting common principles and concepts in a non-binding legal text, it's manifestation and ratification in the next binding documents Has provided.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Stockholm Declaration 1972
  • The environment
  • Education
  • principles
  • Concepts
  • International Law

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