Representation of Crises in Coursebooks of the Public Education System: A Study Based on Content Analysis

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی آموزش‌وپرورش، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 دانشیار مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

how crises are represented in elementary and high school textbooks through content analysis method. In the first step, the basic concepts related to this topic, were extracted from Iranian and international scientific and legal documents deductively. Then, 68 extracted concepts were put into 12 categories and were sent to the field experts in the form of a questionnaire.The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was computed.88 with Cronbach's Alpha. The extracted categorieswere again offered to some field experts and validated. Based on confirmed categories, the content of textbooks (28 titles) and teacher's guidebooks (12 titles) were analyzed. The results of analyzing the textbooks show that the main focus is first on the issue of crisisology and the consequences of crises, and second, on preventive actions which encompass%80 of the content. The remainder of the related content was concerned with other topics; the contribution of the content that focused on resiliency and recovery is less than other concepts.The comparison of the weights allocated by the experts and the weights gained from the textbooks analysis was made by Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests; in both tests, a meaningful difference was observed.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Representation of Crises in Coursebooks of the Public Education System: A Study Based on Content Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyed Ali Ghaderi 1
  • Behrooz Mahram 2
  • Mohsen Noghani Dokht Bahmani 3
  • Mahmood Saeedy Rezvani 4
  • Morteza Karami 4
1 Ph.D Student of Curriculum Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Curriculum Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Sociology of Education, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
4 Associate Professor of Curriculum Studies, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

how crises are represented in elementary and high school textbooks through content analysis method. In the first step, the basic concepts related to this topic, were extracted from Iranian and international scientific and legal documents deductively. Then, 68 extracted concepts were put into 12 categories and were sent to the field experts in the form of a questionnaire.The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was computed.88 with Cronbach's Alpha. The extracted categorieswere again offered to some field experts and validated. Based on confirmed categories, the content of textbooks (28 titles) and teacher's guidebooks (12 titles) were analyzed. The results of analyzing the textbooks show that the main focus is first on the issue of crisisology and the consequences of crises, and second, on preventive actions which encompass%80 of the content. The remainder of the related content was concerned with other topics; the contribution of the content that focused on resiliency and recovery is less than other concepts.The comparison of the weights allocated by the experts and the weights gained from the textbooks analysis was made by Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests; in both tests, a meaningful difference was observed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • crisis
  • Environmental Hazards
  • content analysis
  • Resilience
  • recovery
Adeyemi, B. A. (2018). "Content analysis of Civic Education curriculum in senior secondary schools in Osun State", Nigeria. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(12), 464-471.
Ahghar, G. & Eftekhari, A. (2016). "The Content Analysis of Social Sciences Studies’ Textbook of the Eighth Grade (the First Grade of High School) Based on the Components of Citizenship Education". European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 5(3 (s)), 315-324.
Ali asghari, O. (2009). "Study of Educational adminstratore's actions in 2003 erarthqueck of Baam". Unpublished desertation of graguated degree in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Education & Psychology. [In Persian]
Babakhani, F., Yazdani Nasab, M. &Nouri, M. (2013)."Important influential factors on people’s tendency for voluntary participation during crisis".bi-seasonal Journal of Emergency Management, 4, 5-13. [In Persian]
Bromley, P. & Andina, M. (2010). "Standardizing chaos: a neo-institutional analysis of the INEE Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies, Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction". Compare, 40(5), 575-588, DOI: 10.1080/03057920903254972.
Burde, D., Kapit, A., Wahl, R. L., Guven, O., & Skarpeteig, M. I. (2016). "Education in emergencies: A review of theory and research". Review of Educational Research, 87(3), 619-658.‏
Dass-Brailsford, P (2016). "Psychological Strategies and Challenges in Disaster Recovery", in Cutter, S. L. (Ed), Natural Hazard Science: Oxford Research Encyclopedias.Retrieved 2016, October 22, fromhttp://naturalhazardscience.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/ acrefore/9780199389407.001.0001/acrefore-9780199389407-e-35? rskey=n9hYGR&result=1, DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.35.
Dehghani, M. (2017). "Content analysis of business and technology, Social studies, Persian and Quran sixth grade books based on WiLiam Romey technique". Research in Curriculum Planning. 55, 124-146. [In Persian]
Fardanesh, H. (2004). "Fundations of Educational Technology". Tehran: SAMT [In Persian].
Goli Mokhtari, L., Shekari Badi, A. & Beshkani, Z. (2018). "Evaluation of the vulnerability of urban areas of Kashan against earthquake risk using IHPW model". Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 7 (16), 105-126. [In Persian]
Gholtash, A., Yar-Mohamadian M. H., Foroghi-Abri, A. &Mirshah-Jafari, S. E. (2010). "A critical analysis of the progressive citizenship education approach in elementary school curriculum of Iran". Journal of Education. 17 (2), 37-62. [In Persian]
Gholtash, A., Salehi, M. & Mirzaie, H. (2012). "Content analysis of primery school social sciences curriculum due to the viewpoint of global citizenship characteristics". Research in curriculum planning, 35, 117-131. [In Persian]
INEE (2012). "Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response, Recovery". Retrieved 2015, December 22, fromhttp://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1012/INEE_GuideBook_EN_2012%20LoRes.pdf.
Mayring, P. (2014). "Qualitative content analysis: theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution". Klagenfurt. Retrieved 2018, December, 13, from https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-395173.
Mousa-Zadeh, Z., Daroie-Haghighi, S. & Birashk, B. (2017). "Resiliency: a guide book for training and fostering resilient students". Tehran: Academic Publication & Kashan: Medical University of Kashan. [In Persian]
Naseri Jahromi, R., Marzooghi, R., Karbasiyan, M., Torkzadeh, J., Mohammadi, M. (2015). "Passive Defense Education Curriculum: A Comparative Study between Iran, USA, England, Russia and Australia". Journal of Emergency Managemen, 4 (Special Issue of Passive Defense Week 94), 87-93. [In Persian]
Okeeffe, L. (2013). "A framework for textbook analysis".‏ retrieved in 2018.12.08 from https://journal.uob.edu.bh/handle/123456789/1637. DOI: 10.12785/IRCLR/020101.
Paton, D. (2016). "Risk, Readiness, and Resilience to Natural Hazards", in Cutter, S. L. (Ed), Natural Hazard Science: Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Retrieved 2016, October 22, fromhttp://naturalhazardscience.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.001.0001/acrefore-9780199389407-e-2?rskey=8PpfGb&result=1, DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.2
Parishani, N. Mirshah Jafari, S. E., Sharifian, F. & Farhadian, M. (2018). "The Inclusion of Environmental Education Topics in Iranian Secondary Education Textbooks and Prioritizing Neglected Topics". Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development.7 (1), 9-18. [In Persian]
Pourmosavi, S. M., Darani, M., Firozpour, A. & Sadabadi, A. (2013). "Future researching approach for formulating disaster management overactive strategy with emphasis on community-based approach". Disaster Prevention and Management Knowledge Quarterly (DPMK), 3(1), 31-39. [In Persian]
Rabiee, A. & Hoseini, S. S. (2013). "Crisis Management (concepts, models & planning methods in natural crises)". Tehran: Teesa. [In Persian]
Saalehi Omraan, A., Aabedini Beltork, M. & Mehralitabaar Firoozjaa’i, G. (2018). "Content Analysis of Elementary School Textbooks in Terms of Covering Renewable Energy Sources".  Quarterly Journal of Education. 133, 75-94. [In Persian]
Supreme Council for Cultural Revolution (2011). "Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE) in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Tehran: Secretariat of Supreme Council for Cultural Revolution. [In Persian]
UN. (2015). "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". Translated by M. Nik Pirouz, Tehran: Iranian National Commission for UNESCO.
UNICEF. (2013). "Back-to-School Guide: Evidence-Based Strategies to Resume Education in Emergencies and Post-Crisis Transition", UNICEF.
UNISDR. (2007). "Towards a culture of prevention: Disaster risk reduction begins at school–good practices and lessons learned". United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.‏
UNISDR. (2015). "Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030".Retrived 2017, March 31, from http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/43291.
UNISDR. (2015). "What we do?" Retrived 2017, Februry 11, from http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa-post 2015.
Zahabion, S., Yoosefi, A. & YarMohammadian, M.H. (2016). "Analyzing the text books contents of the second grade sociology in high schools in regard to Citizenship Education Concepts". Research in Curriculum Planning. 50, 136-147. [In Persian]