The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Realization of the Right to a Healthy Environment

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Associate Professor of Public International Law, Payame Noor University

2 Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Payame Noor University

چکیده

In December 2019, some people in China were diagnosed with pneumonia which was found in the first studies to be related to the animal and food market in Wuhan, China. The newly identified virus which was named "Coronavirus 2019” spread all around the world, influencing different economic, political, and cultural fields. Since one of the most important sectors affected by the virus was the environment, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the realization of the right to a healthy environment. The findings showed that the virus reduced fossil fuels-related activities, especially in the world's oil companies and fashion and textile industries with high water consumption and water pollution, Decreasing air air pollution due to reduced domestic and foreign travel, And increasing the consumption of household safe drinking water and a decrease in the production of waste, especially toxic kinds. Also, the virus partially altered consumerism and international macro-behavioral patterns inconsistent with sustainable development, so that at the individual level, the purchase of unnecessary clothing and consumables was not done solely change the mood and on a global level, it strengthened the hope of living without fossil fuels and replacing them with renewable energy.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Realization of the Right to a Healthy Environment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Alkajbaf 1
  • Mojtaba Ansarian 2
1 Associate Professor of Public International Law, Payame Noor University
2 Assistant Professor of Public International Law, Payame Noor University
چکیده [English]

In December 2019, some people in China were diagnosed with pneumonia which was found in the first studies to be related to the animal and food market in Wuhan, China. The newly identified virus which was named "Coronavirus 2019” spread all around the world, influencing different economic, political, and cultural fields. Since one of the most important sectors affected by the virus was the environment, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the realization of the right to a healthy environment. The findings showed that the virus reduced fossil fuels-related activities, especially in the world's oil companies and fashion and textile industries with high water consumption and water pollution, Decreasing air air pollution due to reduced domestic and foreign travel, And increasing the consumption of household safe drinking water and a decrease in the production of waste, especially toxic kinds. Also, the virus partially altered consumerism and international macro-behavioral patterns inconsistent with sustainable development, so that at the individual level, the purchase of unnecessary clothing and consumables was not done solely change the mood and on a global level, it strengthened the hope of living without fossil fuels and replacing them with renewable energy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Rights
  • Human Rights
  • Healthy Environment
  • Ecosystem
  • Human Security

مراجع

Algood, C. (1992). “Medical History of Iran and the Lands of the Eastern Caliphate”. translated by Baher Forghani, Tehran: Amirkabir, second edition. [In Persian]
Al-Husseini A.Q., Qazi Ahmad Ibn Sharaf Al-Din, A.H. (2004). “Summary of Chronicles”. edited by Ehsan Ishraqi, Vol. 2, Tehran: Tehran University Press and Publishing Institute. [In Persian]
Al-Kajbaf, H. & Ansarian, M. (2014). “The Impact of Unilateral and Multilateral Sanctions on Iran from the Perspective of the Right to the Health of Iranian Citizens”. Journal of Medical Law, 8(20), 11-50. [In Persian]
Anesaki, M. & Munakata,T. (2007). “Health, Illness and Health Policy in Japan”. in Cockerham, W.C. (2001). The Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology, Chapter 25, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 441-482
Ansarian, M. & Tayebi, S. (2018). “Establishment and succession of governments”. Tehran: Majd Publishing. [In Persian]
Ansarian, M. (2019), “Environmental Law”. Tehran: Payame Noor University Press. [In Persian]
Banaiy-Ghahfarokhi, B., Sadeghi, M., Jazayeri, S. & Sakinia N. (2013). “The study of applicable ways for hospital waste disposal using SWOT method”. Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal, 14 (6),60-71 [In Persian]
Dehghannejad, M. & Kathiri, M. (2010). “A Review of the History of the Problems of Quarantine in Iran during the Nasser al-Din Shah Period”. (1264-1313 AH / 1847-1896 AD) Quarterly Journal of Historical Research, 2(4), 1-13. [In Persian]
Drezner, D.W. (2016). “The System Worked”. Oxford University Press.
Fayyaz, A.A. (1996). “(Correction) History of Beyhaqi”. Introduction by Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi, Third Edition, Mashhad: Ferdowsi University Press. [In Persian]
Greger, M.D. (2019). “How not to Diet”. Flatiron Books, first Edition.
Hazarkhani, H. & Park, F. (2019). “The ecological footprint of energy and carbon is an indicator of environmental protection”. Journal of Geography and Human Relations, 2(2), 99-103. [In Persian].
http://sharghdaily.com/fa/main/detail/261504-2020-04-05
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2012/issue127a/2020-03-04
http://www.salamatnews.com/news/209850/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DBD8%AC%D9%87-2020-04-04
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/08/opinions/coronavirus-bociurkiw/index.html.2020-03-02
https://www.aa.com.tr/fa/%D8%A7%D9%8-2020-03-04
https://www.livescience.com/spanish-flu.html-2020-03-01
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/technology/jack-dorsey-donate-1-billion-coronavirus.html.2020.04-04
https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-covid-19-is-doing-to-our-pollution-levels
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-smokers-or-vapers-more-at-risk-for-covid-19-heres-what-we-know/2020-06-03.
https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-an-economic-depression-3306013-2020-04-05
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/coronavirus-nature-is-sending-us-a-message-says-un-environment-chief-2020-03-02
https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/coronaviruses-are-they-here-stay2020-03-02
https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus/en/2020-03-11
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019-2020-04-05
https://www.wri.org/blog/2017/07/apparel-industrys-environmental-impact-6-graphics2020-03-01
Jafari, M. (2020). “Corona's advice for Iran and the world”. Shargh newspaper,2. [In Persian].
Jorjani, I, (2005). “Khwarazmshah Reserve”. (Volume 2) edited by Mohammad Taghi Daneshpajooh, Iraj Afshar, Tehran: Al-Ma'I.
Kerr, P. (2008), "Human Security”. Jalal Dehghani Firoozabadi, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, 41, 601-625. [In Persian]
Kiss, A. & Shelton, D. (2005). “Environmental law. first volume”. Translated by Mohammad Hassan Habibi, Second Edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. [In Persian]
Kummer Peiry, K. (2013). “The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal”. ASIL Proceeding.
Kurukulasuriya, L. & Robinson, N. (2011). “Fundamentals of International Environmental Law”. Translated by: Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini, Tehran: Mizan Publishing.
Levine, L. (1998). Questions and answers about human rights. Mohammad Jafar, Pooyandeh. Tehran: Qatreh, third Edition.
Malkum, Sh. (2013). “International Environmental Law”. Translated by: Ali Mashhadi, Hassan Khosroshahi, Tehran: Khorsandi Publishing. [In Persian]
Milani, A. (2016). “The Shah”. Palgrave Macmillan, third Edition, New York, NY.
Moldan, B. & Bilhavers, S. (2010). “Indicators of Sustainable Development”. Shater Haddad Tehrani and Nasser Moharramnejad, Tehran: Publication of the Environmental Protection Agency. [In Persian]
Mousavi, F.& Hosseini, H. (2015). “Principles of International Environmental Law in the Light of the Votes of International Legal Authorities”. Quarterly Journal of Public Law Research, 17(48), 9-25. [In Persian]
Nozari, H. (2020). “Coronavirus and humanization of the universe”. Shargh newspaper. 1.
Parghoo, M. A. & Alipour Silab, J. (2017). “Plague in Safavid Iran”. Quarterly Journal of Social History Studies, 7(1), 33-55. [In Persian]
Pourhashemi, A. & Arghand, B. (2013). “International Environmental Law”. Tehran: Justice Publishing. [In Persian]
Qasimi, M. (2008). “Relationship between Human Security and Sustainable Development”. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 11(41), 527-544. [In Persian]
Raskh, M. & Ameri, F. (2013). “Theoretical approach to the concept of third generation rights”. Public Law Research Quarterly, 15(39), 167-196. [In Persian]
Samadi, S. & Yarmohammadian, N. (2013). “Estimation of the Kuznets Environmental Curve (EKC), by Kasra Collective Method”. Iranian Energy Economics Research Quarterly,5, 129-152. [In Persian].
Seyed Fatemi, S M Q. (2014). “Human Rights in the Contemporary World (Book II, Analytical Essays on Rights and Freedoms)”. Tehran: Shahr-e-Danesh Institute for Studies and Research, Volume 2, Fourth Edition.
Shamsaei, M. (2006). “International Economic Law and the Principle of Sustainable Development”. Public Law Research, 8(19), 7-25. [In Persian]
Shapiro, P. (2020). “Clean Meat: How Growing Meat Without Animals Will Revolutionize Dinner and the World”. available at https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/one-root-cause-of-pandemics-few-people-think-about/#2020-06-03.
Shaygan, F. (2003). “Strengthen international cooperation in the field of human rights”. Tehran: Gerayesh, 2.
Tamoshat, Ch. (2007). “Human Rights”. Hossein Sharifi Tarazkoohi. Tehran: Mizan. [In Persian]
Tayebi, S. (2017). “Environmental diplomacy and its impact on international interactions and world peace”. Tehran: Khorsand, First Edition.
Water, U. (2016). “Transboundary Waters: Sharing Benefits, Sharing Responsibilities”. UN-Water.
WBGU. (2004). “World in Transition: Fighting Poverty Through Environmental Policy”. Earth Scan, London.
Yazdanfam, M. (2010). “The fragile States and Human Security”. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 12(46), 5-36. [In Persian].
 
 
 
 
فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 8، شماره 4
1399
صفحه 103-120

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار