Social analysis of water resources instability: Applying theory of treadmill of production (The case of Mazandaran province)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 PhD Student in Sociology, University of Mazandaran

2 Department of Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran

چکیده

Economic activities in Mazandaran province have been focused on agricultural and ranch products for a long time. Farmers have always exploited water resources for their activities, but after the collapse of the traditional system, capital absorption, and changing the direction of investment, aiming a new type of production has been formed alongside this traditional method, which is based on gaining profit. The purpose of this research is to investigate and explain the role of investment growth in agriculture leading to instability in water resources in Mazandaran province. Using Schneiberg’s Treadmill of production theory, this study aims to respond to this basic question: “Why has the growth of investment in agriculture caused the instability of water resources in Mazandaran province?” In this research, a quantitative method and secondary data analysis strategy, as well as a comparative research method have been employed. The results of the study showed that investment in the main inputs of agricultural production and agricultural processing and services industries have been increased, and simultaneously, the amount of aquifers consumption in this province has increased from 791 million cubic meters in 2010 to 1377 million cubic meters in 2019. In addition, the results of the study indicate the growth in polluting water resources in Mazandaran. Overall, the results of the present study reveal that growth of investment affects the instability of water resources and therefore, Schneiberg's Production Cycle Theory is confirmed.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Social analysis of water resources instability: Applying theory of treadmill of production (The case of Mazandaran province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohaddethe Taherpourmansour 1
  • Sadegh Salehi 2
1 PhD Student in Sociology, University of Mazandaran
2 Department of Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran
چکیده [English]

Economic activities in Mazandaran province have long been focused on agricultural and livestock products. Farmers have always used water resources for their activities, but after the collapse of traditional system, attracting capital and changing the direction of investment, a new type of production has been formed alongside this traditional method, which is based on production for profit. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the role of investment growth on agriculture in creating unstainability in water resources of Mazandaran province. The present study, applying Schneiberg’s production treadmill theory, seeks to answer this fundamental question: What effect has the growth of investment on agriculture had on the unsustianability of Mazandaran's water resources? In this research, quantitative method and strategy of secondary data analysis and comparative study have been used. The results of the present study showed that investment in the main inputs of agricultural production and conversion industries and agricultural services has increased and at the same time, the consumption of aquifers in the province has increased from 791 million cubic meters in 1389 to 1377 million cubic meters in 1398. . In addition, the research results show an increase in pollution of water resources in Mazandaran. In general, the results of the present study indicate that the growth of investment affects unsustainability of water resources and therefore, Schneiberg's production treadmill theory is confirmed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Instability
  • growth of investment in agriculture
  • industrial production
  • water resources of Mazandaran
  • Treadmill of production theory

مراجع

Agricultural Statistics 89 (2011). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 90 (2012). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 91 (2011). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 92 (2012). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 93 (2013). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 94 (2014). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 95 (2015). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 96(2016). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Agricultural Statistics 97 (2017). “Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Attarzadeh, F. & Pardel Noghabi, R. (2017). “Agriculture and precision irrigation”. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 3(2), 61-70. [In Persian].
Azkia, M. & Darban Astane, A.R. (2014). “Applied Research Methods”.Keihan, Tehran.
Baker, T. L. (2007). “Theoretical Research Method in Social Sciences”. translated by Houshang Naebi, Payame Noor University, Tehran. [In Persian].
Barbier, E. (2006). “Economics and Ecology: new frontiers and Sustainable Development”. translated by Mahmoud Daneshvar Kakhki et al., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Brisman, A. (2014). “Of Theory and Meaning in Green Criminology, Online version via, 3(2), 21‐34.
Chapagaina et.al(2006). “The Water Footprint of Cotton Consumption: An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries”. UNESCO- Insittute of Wate Education, 60(1), 186-203.
Cheevaporn, V. & Menasveta, P. (2003). “Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand”. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 47, 43–51
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 88-89 (2014). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 89-90 (2014). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 90-91 (2014). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 91-92 (2015). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 92-93 (2016). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 93-94 (2017). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 94-95 (2018). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 95-96 (2018). “Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Crop Statistics of the Crop Year 96-97 (2019). “ Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Deputy of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Dresner, Simon (2005). “the Principles of Sustainability”. translated by Mahmoud Daneshvar Kakhki et al., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian].
Giupponiaf, B. Eiseltb, P.F.Ghettic(1999). “A Multicriteria Approach for Mapping Risks of Agricultural Pollution for Water Resources: The Venice Lagoon Watershed case study panel”. Journal of Environmental Management, 56, 259-269.
Gould, Kenneth A., Pellow, David N. and Schnaiberg, Allan(2016). “The Treadmil of Production, Injustice and Unsustalnability in the Global Economy”. Routledge.
Gould, Kenneth A., Pellow, David N. & Schnaiberg, Allan(2004). “Interrogating the Treadmill Of Production, Everything You Wanted to Know About the Treadmill but Were Afraid to Ask”. Organization & Environment, 17(3), 296-316.
Grant, Don Sherman, Albert J. Bergesen and Andrew W. Jones (2002). “Organizational Size and Pollution: The Case of the U.S. Chemical Industry, American Sociological Review”. 67(3), 389-407.
Hemtian, Fariba, Moalemi, Bahram and Amani Tehrani, Mahmoud (2015). “Water rescue”. Tehran, Hadi printing.
Heidari, Nader (2017). “Issues and Strategies for Relieving Climate Change from the Aspects of Production Management in Agriculture”. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 5(1), 45-54. [In Persian].
Iranian Water Statistical Yearbook 88-89 (2014). “Ministry of Energy, Water and ABFA Macro Planning Office”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Iranian Water Statistical Yearbook 89-90 (2014). “Ministry of Energy, Water and ABFA Macro Planning Office”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Iranian Water Statistical Yearbook 90-91 (2015). “Ministry of Energy, Water and ABFA Macro Planning Office”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Iranian Water Statistical Yearbook 91-92 (2015). “Ministry of Energy, Water and ABFA Macro Planning Office”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Iranian Water Statistical Yearbook 92-93 (2016). “Ministry of Energy, Water and ABFA Macro Planning Office”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Keshavarz, Abbas et al. (2015). “Estimating the economic value of lost water due to agricultural waste (irrigated and horticultural, from harvest to consumption)”. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 3(1), 73-81. [In Persian].
Longo, S. B. & Baker, J.(2014), “Economy “Versus” Environment The Influence of Economic Ideology and Political Identity on Perceived Threat of Eco-Catastrophe”. The Sociological Quarterly, 1-26.
Longo, S. B. & York, R. (2009). “Structural Influences on Water Withdrawals: An Exploratory Macro-Comparative Analysis”. Human Ecology Review, 169(1), 75-84.
Lengefeld, M. R.. & Smith, C. L. (2013). “Nuclear shadows: Weighing the environmental effects of militarism, capitalism, and modernization in a global context, 2001-2007”. Research in Human Ecology, 20(1).
Mazandaran Regional Water Company-A (2017). “New methods of river protection in Mazandaran, Ministry of Energy”. Iran Water Resources Management Company. [In Persian].
Mazandaran Regional Water Company-B (2017). “Hidden Capital Groundwater, Ministry of Energy”. Iran Water Resources Management Company. [In Persian].
Mazandaran Regional Water Company-C, “Kaliat”. Tehran. [In Persian].
Ismael, M., Fathi, S. & Boutabba, M.A. (2018). “Agricultural technologies and carbon emissions: evidence from Jordanian economy”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
Qudusi, H. & Davari, H. (2016). “Critical Analysis of Virtual Water from a Policy Perspective”. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 3(1), 47-58. [In Persian].
York, R., Eugene, A. R. & Thoma, D. (2003). “Footprints on the Earth: the Environmental Consequences of Modernity”. American Sociological review, 68, 279-300.
Saroukhani, B. (2010). “Research Methods in Social Sciences, Insights and Techniques”. Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran. [In Persian].
Shakoori, A. (2014). “Agricultural Development Policies in Iran, Samat”. Tehran.
Toman, M. (2003). “The Roles of the Environment and Natural Resources in Economic Growth Analysis”. Resources for the Future. [In Persian].
Vorosmarty, C. J. et.al (2000), “Report Global Water Resources: Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth
فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 4
1400
صفحه 85-98

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار