نقش قاعده فقهی لاضرر در مدیریت بحران‌های محیط‌زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی دامغان، دامغان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران

3 استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی دامغان، دامغان، ایران

چکیده

یکی از قواعد فقهی که در سرتاسر فقه بدان استناد می‌شود و در بسیاری از مسائل اقتصادی و اجتماعی، ازجمله محیط‌زیست می‌تواند کارساز باشد، قاعده لاضرر است. این قاعده را باید اصلی کلی در حقوق اسلامی دانست؛ اصلی که بنیادی محکم برای پیشگیری از ضرر به دیگران و جبران آن ضرر است و بر این اساس مبنایی قوی برای تصویب قوانین موضوعه است. همچنین شمول این قاعده بر امور عدمی نیز باعث می‌شود علاوه بر بازدارندگی این قاعده در تخریب محیط‌زیست، نقش سازنده‌ای در طبیعت و مدیریت بحران‌های محیط‌زیستی داشته باشد. متأسفانه انسان برای رسیدن به توسعه و رفاه، با بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه از منابع طبیعی، علاوه بر نادیده گرفتن حق نسل‌های آتی از این منابع خدادادی، موجبات زیان به طبیعت و تغییرات وسیع در اکوسیستم و بروز بحران‌های محیط‌زیستی و اضرار به غیر را فراهم کرده است. با پذیرش نقش اثباتی قاعده لاضرر در احکام شرعی، می‌توان علاوه بر مدیریت بحران محیط‌زیست و اثبات ضمان تخریب گران طبیعت، حکم به الزام آنان به جبران خسارات وارده نمود؛ زیرا ایراد خسارت به این سرمایه‌ی طبیعی همانند سرمایه‌های مادی و معنوی خصوصی نمی‌تواند نادیده گرفته شود. لذا با توجه به خلأهای قانونی موجود و عدم بازدارندگی مؤثر قوانین در مواجهه با مخرّبان طبیعت، این مقاله با روشی توصیفی و تحلیلی به بیان نقش قاعده لاضرر در مدیریت بحران‌های محیط‌زیستی و لزوم پذیرش آن در اثبات احکام و قوانین مربوطه در فقه و حقوق اسلامی می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of the rule of prohibition of detriment in the management of environmental crises

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hasan Hasanzadeh 1
  • Mohammad Adiby Mehr 2
  • Davood Dadashnejad Delshad 3
  • Mohammad Javad Baghizadeh 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Jurisprudence and Islamic law of Islamic, Azad University of Damghan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Jurisprudence and Islamic law, Paradise of Tehran University, Qom, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Jurisprudence and Islamic law of Islamic, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the rules of jurisprudence that is cited throughout jurisprudence and can be used in many economic and social issues, including the environment, is the rule of prohibition of detriment. This rule in the Islamic law; the basic principle is to protect the others from harm to others and to compensate for them, is a strong basis for the enactment of the law. the inclusion of this rule on negative affairs will, in addition to deterring this principle, in environmental degradation, has a constructive role in management of environmental crises. Of course, in order to achieve development, man has not properly fulfilled his responsibility for protecting nature and ignores the right of future generations with unceasing exploitation, has caused damage to nature and extensive changes in the ecosystem and caused the environmental crisis. Therefore, it is possible to manage this crisis by the rule of prohibition of detriment and accepting its positive role, to compensate for the damage caused by the invasion of environmental capital. Because damaging to the most important natural of human capital should not be ignored as private and material spiritual capital. Therefore, due to existing vacuum, non-deterrence of laws in the face of environmental degradation. This paper describes the Role of the rule of prohibition of detriment in the management of the environmental crisis and the necessity of its acceptance in proving the relevant laws and regulations in Islamic law in a descriptive and analytical way.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Islamic law
  • Prohibition of detriment
  • Crisis management
  • Jurisprudence
  • Environment

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فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 7، شماره 3
خرداد 1398
صفحه 127-146

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