نوع‌شناسی رفتارهای ناپایدار بهره‌برداران زراعی شهرستان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

2 استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

3 دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

چکیده

آثار مخرب زیست­محیطی، کاهش سلامتی انسان و دیگر موجودات زنده و بحران امنیت غذایی، یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل پیش­روی جامعه جهانی می­باشد که ذهن بسیاری از محققان را به خود مشغول ساخته است. سؤال اینجاست که آیا طبیعت خود کشاورزی به‌تنهایی مسئول این‌همه اثرات مخرب است یا اینکه رفتار کنشگران درون نظام کشاورزی، محرک و تشدیدکننده این اثرات ناپایداری است؟. لذا در پژوهش حاضر، سعی بر آن است که با استفاده از مطالعه کیفی به نوع­شناسی و عمق رویداد رفتارهای ناپایدار بهره­برداران زراعی شهرستان کرمانشاه پرداخته شود. در این راستا نمونه­های موردمطالعه، کشاورزان و کارشناسان اجرایی جهاد کشاورزی و محیط‌زیست بودند که با توجه به تعداد دهستان­ها (10 دهستان)، از طریق نمونه­گیری هدفمند (از نوع زنجیره­ای) انتخاب گردیدند. تعداد مشارکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش ۳۳ نفر بودند. به‌منظور گردآوری داده­ها از مصاحبه­ عمیق و گروه­های متمرکز بهره گرفته شد و فرایند جمع‌آوری داده­ها تا رسیدن به اشباع تئوریک ادامه پیدا کرد. روایی و پایایی نتایج، توسط روش تکثرگرایی داده­ها و بازخورد از مشارکت­کنندگان مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. رفتار ناپایدار زراعی در قالب 8 تم اصلی استخراج شد. روابط موجود در بین این رفتارها نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Cmap نمایش داده شد. بررسی­های به‌عمل‌آمده و گفت‌وشنودهای صورت گرفته، تصویری جدیدی از رفتار ناپایدار زراعی در اختیار محقق قرار داد و پرده از این حقیقت برداشت که رفتارهای ناپایدار زراعی تحت تأثیر شرایط، عوامل و محرک‌های درونی و بیرونی مختلفی به وجود می­آیند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Typology of Unsustainable Behaviours of Agricultural Stakeholders in Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hossein Pirmoradi 1
  • Farahnaz Rostami 2
  • Abdolhamid Papzan 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Agricultural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Extention and Education Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Agricultural Extention and Education Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

The destructive effects of the environment, the reduction of human health and other living organisms, and the food security crisis, is one of the most important issues facing the global community, which has attracted the attention of many researchers. The question is whether the nature of self-farming alone is responsible for all such destructive effects, or is the actions of actors within the agricultural system stimulating and exacerbating these unsustainable effects? So, in the present study, we try to investigate the unsustainable Behaviours of farmers in Kermanshah using a qualitative study on the typology and depth of the event. In this regard, the studied samples were farmers and experts in agriculture and environmental Jihad, which according to the number of villages (10 districts) were selected through purposeful sampling (chain type). The number of participants in this study was 33. Data Collected from interviews and focus group discussion continues until theoretical saturation has been achieved. The validity and reliability of the results were confirmed by the plurality of data and feedback from the participants. Aggressive unsustainable Behaviour was extracted in 8 main themes. Relationships among these Behaviours are also displayed using the C-map software. Investigations and interviews provided a researcher with a new picture of unsustainable agronomic Behaviour and uncovered the fact that unsustainable agronomic Behaviours were influenced by the conditions, factors, and different intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Behaviour Identify
  • Farmers' Behaviour
  • Unstable
  • Kermanshah
  • Cmap Software
Abasizadeh Ghanavati, M. S., Papzan, A. A., and Mirak Zadeh, A. A. (2012). “Analysis of Sustainability the Family Utilization Systems in Khanmabad Village, Kermanshah City”. Journal of Rural and Development, 15 (3), 114-95. [In Persian].
Adali Sardouei, M. (2011). “Measuring the sustainability of agricultural operations and factors affecting it in Jiroft township (Case Study: Rice, Potatoes and Tomatoes)”. Journal of Agricultural Economics & development, 25(4), 459-468. [In Persian].
Afshari, Z. Rezaeimoghaddam, K. And Ajili, A.I. (2014). “Analysis of Affecting Factors on Cotton Sustainability Behaviours: A Case Study of Isfahan Province”. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Sciences, 10(2), 151-137. [In Persian].
Aminizade, M. (2015). “Study of the Effects of Commercial -Tax Policies on Soil Eradication in Iran”. Master's Thesis, College of Economics and Agricultural Development. University of Tehran.
Arab Khadri, M. (2014). “An overview of the affecting factors on Water erosion of soil in Iran”. Journal Land Management, 2(1),17-26. [In Persian].
Aslanisanghdeh, B. (2012). “Agricultural Sustainability Measurement with Emphasis on Water and Soil Resources (Case Study: Rezvanshahr City)”. Master's thesis in Geography and Rural Planning, College of Geography and Planning, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Isfahan University. [In Persian].
Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N., Abe, N. & Bergami, M. (2014). “Cultural and situational contingencies and the theory of reasoned action: Application to fast food restaurant consumption”. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(2), 97-106.
BiancoBorges, J. A. R. & Lansink, A. G. O. (2016). “Identifying psychological factors that determine cattle farmers' intention to use improved natural grassland”. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 89-96.
Bos, M. G., Bosch, H.V.D., Diemont, H., Keulen, H.V., Lahr, J., Meijerink, G. & Verhagen, A. (2007). “Quantifying the sustainability of agriculture”. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 21, 1-15.
Burton, R. J. F. (2004). “Reconceptualizing the behavioural approach in agricultural studies: a socio-psychological perspective”. Journal of Rural studies, 20, 359–371.
Canas, J. A., Bunch, L., Novak, J. D. & Reiska, P. (2013). “Cmapanalysis: an extensible concept map analysis tool”. Journal for educators, teachers and trainers, 4(1), 36-46.
Chen, H., Shivakoti, G., Zhu, T. & Maddox, D. (2012). “Livelihood sustainability and community based co-management of forest resources in China: Changes and improvement”. Environmental Management, 49(1), 219–228.
Daae, J. & Boks, C. A. (2014). “Classification of user research methods for design for sustainable Behaviour”. Journal of Cleaner Production,106,680-689.
Engle, N.L., Bremound, A.D, Mlone, E.L. & Moss, R. H. (2014). “Towards a resilience indicator framework for making climate change adaption decision”. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19(8), 1312-1295.
Fentona, M., Geiselhartb, S., Rohlinga, E. J. & Hemleben, Ch. (2000). “Aplanktonic zones in the Red Sea”. Marine Micropaleontology, 40, 277-294.
Fisher, W. A., Kohut, T., Salisbury, C. & Salvadori, M. I. (2013). “Understanding human papillomavirus vaccination intentions: Comparative utility of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned Behaviour in vaccine target age women and men”. Journal of sexual medicine, 10(10), 2455-2464.
Ghasemi, S. & Karami, A. A. (2009). “Attitudes and Behaviours of greenhouse owners in Fars province regarding the use of chemical pesticides in greenhouses”. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development”. Agriculture Sciences and Technology, 23(1), 40-28. [In Persian].
Ghenaatpishe, A. A. (2005). “Comparing the effect of individual competition, individual effort and group competition on academic achievement”. Journal of education and training, 21(1), 168-131. [In Persian].
Ghorbanipur, H. (2012). “Affecting Structures on the gardener’s Behaviour in Khorramabad city to toward sustainable agriculture”. Master's Degree, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. [In Persian].
Ghorbany, m. And Hossein Zadeh, M. (2011). “Economic study of farmers' Behaviour in the use of animal fertilizers at farm level in Esfarayen city”. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development (Agriculture Sciences and Technology), 25 (3), 312-305. [In Persian].
Habibi, F. & Mostafa­Zadeh, S. (2017). “Investigating of Tourists Environmental Behaviours of Marivan Zariyar Lake”. Journal of Geography and Development, (47), 184-163. [In Persian].
Ibitayo. O. O. (2006). “Egyptian farmers’ attitudes and Behaviours regarding agricultural pesticides: implications for pesticide risk communication”. Risk Analysis, 26(4), 989-995.
Karami, E. & Mansoorabadi, A. (2008). “Sustainable agricultural attitudes and Behaviours: a gender analysis of Iranian farmers”. Environ Dev Sustain, 10, 883–898.
Karimi Dehkordi, F., Jalalian, A., Mehnantkesh, A. & Honarjo, N. (2014). “The effect of slope position and land use change on mineralogy characteristics of clay soil and micro-morphology characteristics of soil in Lordegan area of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province”. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 4 (3), 1-32. [In Persian].
Kiany Salmi, S. & Shaterban, M. (2018). “Analysis of social and cultural factors affecting the environment (Case study: Kashan)”. Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 6(2), 101-116. [In Persian].
Kings, D. (2014). “Farmers’ Understandings of Weeds and Herbicide Usage as Environmental Influences on Agricultural Sustainability”. Journal of Environmental Protection, 5, 923-935.
Kochaki, A. R., Nasiri Mahallati, M., Muradi, R. A. & Mansouri, H. (2013). “The zoning of sustainable development status in Iran and the presentation of sustainability strategies”. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 23 (4),55-70. [In Persian].
Läpple, D. & Kelley, H. (2013). “Understanding the uptake of organic farming: Accounting for heterogeneities among Irish farmers”. Ecological Economics, 88, 11-19.
Loloei, M., Zolala, F. & Razzaghi, A. (2014). “Farmers’ Pesticide Using Behaviours: A Case Study on Pistachio Farms in Kerman, Iran”. Health Scope, 3(2), 1-4.
Madadi, A. & Nikpour, Sh. (2013). “Estimation of Soil Erosion and Sediment Production in the Zal River Basin by Using Pseic Method, Modified Pseic and GIS”. Journal Qualitative Geomorphology Research, 2(1), 133-154. [In Persian].
McMahon, M. & Bhamra, T. (2012). “Design Beyond Borders: international collaborative projects as a mechanism to integrate social sustainability into student design practice”. J. Clean. Prod, 23, 86-95.
Menatyzadeh, M. Zamani, Gh. H. And Karami, A. A. (2014). “Modeling the environmental Behaviour of farmers in Shiraz whit using the theory of value-belief- stress normative”. Research of Economics and Development Agricultural Iran, 45 (4), 613-624. [In Persian].
Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. (2014). “Statistical Yearbooks”. Place of publication: Ministry of Agricultural Jihad Statistics and Information Center. [In Persian].
Muller, S. (1998). “Evaluating the Sustainability of Agriculture, the Case of the Reventado River Watershed, Costa Rica”. TÖB Publication.
Noroozi, M. & Hayati, d. (2015). “Effective Structures on Rural Sustainable Livelihoods from Perspective Farmers' Kermanshah Province”. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Iranian, 11 (1), 144-127. [In Persian].
Praneetvatakul, S., Janekarnkij, P., Potchanasin, C. & Prayoonwong, K. (2001). “Assessing the sustainability of agriculture, A case of Mae Chaem Catchment, northern Thailand”. Environment International, 27, 103–109.
Prrety, N. J. (1995). “Regenerating agriculture, policies and practice for sustainability and self-reliance”. Earthcan Publication Limited, London.
Rafiee, M. (2014). “Investigating Affecting Factors in Soil Health and Fertility and Producing Good Crop”. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Natural Resources, 43, 25-20. [In Persian].
Raksanam, B., Taneepanichskul, S., Siriwong, W. & Robson, M. G. (2012). “Factors Associated with Pesticide Risk Behaviours among Rice Farmers in Rural Community, Thailand”. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2(2), 32-39.
Ribes, A. C. D. & Sumner, D. (2007). “Role of farm programs in environmental sustainability of agriculture”. Briefing Paper prepared for the AAAS meetings, San Francisco.
Safa, L., Mangeli, N. & Ganj khanlo. M. M. (2018). “Affecting Factor on Villagers’ Pro-environmental Behaviour in Khodabandeh Country Based on Theory of Planned Behaviour”. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 6(2), 69-81. [In Persian].
Shooshtarian, A., Zibaiy, M. & Soltani, Gh. R. (2010). “A Study on the Sustainability of Agronomic Systems with Regard to Economic and Environmental Objectives: A Case Study in Kamfirooz Region of Fars Province”. Agricultural Economics, 4 (4), 28 -1. [In Persian].
Sojasi Qeidari, H., Sadeghloo, T. & Palooch, M. (2013). “Prioritization of sustainable rural livelihood development strategies: Combination of fuzzy Topsis (Case study: Khodabande, Iran)”. Journal of Rural Development, 2(1), 85-110. [In Persian].
Veisi, H. (2018). “Factors Influencing the Environmental Behaviour of Farmers: A Case Study in Greenhouse Cucumber Production Systems”. Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 6(3), 23-36. [In Persian]
Wiernik, B.M., Ones, D.S. & Dilchert, S. (2013). “Age and environmental sustainability: a meta-analysis”. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28 (7/8), 826-856.
Yazdanpanah, M., Hayati, D., Hochrainer-Stigler, S. & Zamani, GH. (2014). “Understanding farmers' intention and Behaviour regarding water conservation in the Middle-East and North Africa: A case study in Iran”. Journal of environmental management, 135, 63-72.