تأثیر زیست بوم های مختلف زمانی در اشعار سهراب سپهری و منوچهر آتشی از منظر نقد بو م‌گرا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، ایران

چکیده

نقد بوم گرا یا «اکو کریتیسیزم» را می‌توان مطالعه‌ی رابطه‌ی میان ادبیات و محیط‌زیست و چگونگی بازتاب ارتباط انسان با محیط فیزیکی پیرامونش در ادبیات دانست. در این نقد، رابطه‌ی دوسویه میان شاعر یا نویسنده با طبیعت و میزان تأثیر و تأثّر مظاهر طبیعی بر روح و جان آنان بررسی می‌شود. این مقاله، در پاسخ به این پرسش که «زیست‌بوم‌های زمانی شاعران، چه تأثیری بر اشعار آنان داشته است»؛ به بررسی درون‌مایه و مضمون اصلی اشعار زیست‌محیطی شاعران موردپژوهش پرداخته، تفاوت‌ها و اشتراکات آنها را در راستای ادبیات و محیط‌زیست بیان می‌کند. در این پژوهش که ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر نحوه‌ گردآوری، توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع اسنادی بوده، نتایج ذیل به‌دست‌آمده است: شباهت اندیشه‌ی زیست‌بوم و طبیعت‌محور از منظر نقد بوم‌گرا میان آثار شاعران، ناشی از روحیات و سرشت مشترک انسانی و نیز معلول شباهت  برخی عوامل تأثیرگذار محیطی مانند 1- مکتب رمانتیسم 2- شرایط نابسامان سیاسی و اجتماعی جامعه 3- تأثیر محیط زندگی و دوران کودکی آن‌ها است. در شعر شاعران موردتحقیق، لزوم توجه به طبیعت و زیست‌بوم‌های زمانی شاعر، بیان بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی و آگاهی‌بخشی برای حفاظت از آن، سبب شده از شعر به‌عنوان رسانه‌ای زیست‌محیطی- فرهنگی‌ استفاده شود. تأثیر زیست‌بوم‌های زمانی شاعران بر اشعار آنان، آرمان‌شهر، شهر گریزی، آلودگی آب، خاک، هوا، بیابان‌زایی، پرداختن به برخی بحران‌ها مانند خشکسالی وغیره، شباهت مهم نگرش بوم محور شاعران موردمطالعه و نزدیکی به طبیعت، نوع زیست‌بوم و نوع نگرش به آرمان‌شهر مطلوب تفاوت مهم آنان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different ecosystems on the poets of Sohrab Sepehri and Manuchehr Atashi from the ecocriticism point of view

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narges Adib rad 1
  • Alieh Yousof fam 2
  • Mahnaz Jafarieh 2
1 Ph.D. Student in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
چکیده [English]

Ecology criticism or “ecocriticism” can be considered as the study of relationships between literature and environment and quality of the reflection of human’s relationship with his physical environment. In this critique, the two-way relationship between the poet and the writer with nature and the effect of natural manifestations on their soul and live will be examined.In this article, in order to answer to this question that “what effect have had the temporal environments surrounding the poems on their poets?” studies the content and main theme of Environmental poems of the poets and explain their differences and common aspects according to literature and environment. In this research, in terms of purpose, practical and in terms of collection method, descriptive-analytical is based on documentary, the following results are obtained:The similarity of the concept of ecosystem and nature-centered from the perspective of ecocriticism among the achievements of the poets, caused by morals and common human nature and the result of the similarity of some of the most influential environmental factors is like 1- the school of romance 2- the unfavorable political and social conditions of society and 3- the influence of the living environment and childhood. In poetry poets have been examined, importance of attention to nature and ecosystem, expression of environmental crisis and consciousness to protect them, led to the use of poetry as an environmental-cultural media.Native identity, utopia, city of escape, drought crisis, pollution of water and soil and air, desertification and not paying attention to the earthquake crisis and the flood and war and etc... are the important similarities of the realm of the environment-axis attitude of the studied poets, and vicinity to the nature, type of the environment and the desirability of utopia are important differences of them.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The environment
  • contemporary poetry
  • Manuchehre Atashi
  • Sohrab Sepehei

مراجع

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فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 3
خرداد 1400
صفحه 147-166

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