مقایسه تطبیقی امنیت زیستی واحدهای پرورشی طیور محلی و دانش مدیریتی و محیط‌زیستی پرورش‌دهندگان در شهرستان مراغه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

چکیده

امنیت زیستی نقش مهمی در بهره­وری اقتصادی پرورش طیور محلی به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان معیشت خانوارهای روستایی و همچنین کنترل و انتقال بیماری­های مشترک بین انسان و دام و یا اشاعه عوامل آلودگی­ سایر بیماری­ها دارد. دانش یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل اثرگذار در رعایت موارد امنیت زیستی است. هدف مقاله حاضر، سنجش سطح امنیت زیستی پرورش طیور محلی در شهرستان مراغه و عوامل مرتبط با آن است. پارادایم تحقیق ترکیبی (کمی و کیفی توأمان) بود. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه و پرسشنامه­ای که روایی آن توسط اعضای هیأت علمی گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه زنجان تأیید شده بود، گردآوری شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق پرورش‌دهندگان طیور محلی (خانوارهای روستایی) در روستاهای شهرستان مراغه بودند که از بین آن‌ها، 224 خانوار به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای و نمونه آماری بخش کیفی هم به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله برفی انتخاب‌شده و مورد مطالعه واقع شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که دانش 8/80 درصد زنان روستایی در ارتباط با پرورش طیور محلی در حد متوسط بوده و سطح امنیت زیستی در 1/78 درصد واحدهای پرورشی در حد ضعیف است. اکثریت پرورش‌دهندگان از واکسن و داروهای دامی استفاده نمی­کردند و جایگاه طیور به‌گونه‌ای بود که امکان شست‌وشو و ضدعفونی وجود نداشت. دانش پرورش طیور و تحصیلات دارای رابطه مثبت و معنی­دار ولی درآمد سالانه و سن رابطه منفی و معنی­داری با سطح امنیت زیستی داشتند. بخشی از پایین بودن سطح امنیت زیستی در واحدهای تولیدی به دانش و آگاهی پایین پرورش‌دهندگان و بخشی نیز به دلیل سیستم پرورشی فضای باز این واحدها برمی‌گردد. دلایل و انگیزه‌های رعایت و عدم رعایت هر یک از اصول مورد مطالعه به روش کیفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative comparison of biosecurity of family poultry units and management and environment knowledge of breeders in Maragheh Township

نویسندگان [English]

  • Halimeh Razmi 1
  • Ali Shams 2
  • Mohammad Hossein Shahir 3
1 Ph.D. Students of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, University of Zanjan
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biosecurity is a key factor in the economic productivity of rural family poultry units, as an effective component of rural household livelihoods; As well as the control and transmission of common diseases between humans and animals or the spread of other infectious agents. Knowledge is one of the most important factors in observing biosecurity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biosecurity level of rural family poultry units in Maragheh Township and the factors related to it. The research paradigm was a mixed method. The statistical population of the study consisted of local poultry farmers (rural households) in Maragheh villages. Data were gathered through interviews, observation, and a valid questionnaire from 224 rural women. These women were selected with a multi-stage randomized sampling method. Samples of the qualitative part were selected and studied by purposeful sampling and snowball. The results showed that 78.1 percent of units had a low level of biosecurity. The knowledge of 80.8 percent of rural women regarding poultry was medium. Most owners did not use vaccines and veterinary services. The birds’ cages were not disinfected or cleaned. Knowledge and education about poultry production had a positive significant correlation with the biosecurity level of units but owners’ age and yearly income had a negative correlation with the biosecurity level. The weak status of biosecurity is partly due to the owners’ low poultry production knowledge and partly due to the open space living place of the units. The reasons and motivations to observe each of the biosecurity principles were studied qualitatively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural households
  • Family Poultry
  • Biosecurity
  • Management Knowledge
  • Maragheh Township

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فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 2
1401
صفحه 71-86

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