تحلیل اثرات اکوتوریسم در توانمندسازی جوامع محلی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سوادکوه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

با توجه گسترش اکوتوریسم، بررسی اثرات آن بر توانمندسازی جوامع محلی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. از همین رو، این پژوهش به دنبال اندازه‌گیری میزان توانمندسازی جوامع محلی در اثر اکوتوریسم بود. در این راستا با بهره‌گیری از چارچوب مفهومی چرخ توانمندسازی مندوزا راموس (2013)، پیمایشی در شهرستان سوادکوه اجرا شد. بر این اساس، با استفاده از فرمول دانیل، حجم نمونه برابر 240 نفر برآورد شد که این تعداد با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق یک پرسشنامه‌ گردآوری شد که برای تعیین روایی آن علاوه بر نظرخواهی از متخصصان (روایی صوری)، از روایی همگرا استفاده شد. به‌منظور محاسبه پایایی آن نیز دو روش آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی بهره گرفته شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم­افزارهای SPSS نسخه 22 و Smart PLS انجام شد. یافته‌های حاصل آمار استنباطی که با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی انجام پذیرفت، نشان داد که توانمندسازی جامعه محلی دارای پنج مؤلفه اصلی (روان‌شناختی، محیط‌زیستی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی) است و همگنی و پایایی معرف‌ها مورد تأیید بود. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که میانگین توانمندسازی کل در شهرستان سوادکوه برابر 1/3 از 5 بود. بیشترین میزان توانمندسازی مربوط به مؤلفه‌های توانمندسازی روان‌شناختی (35/3) و محیط‌زیستی (22/3) بود و کمترین میزان توانمندسازی مربوط به مؤلفه‌های سیاسی (89/2) و اقتصادی (96/2) بود. مؤلفه توانمندسازی اجتماعی (10/3) در وضعیت متوسط قرار داشت. بر این اساس توصیه‌ می‌شود؛ با رویکرد مشارکتی و با بهره‌گیری از اصول و فنون تسهیلگری نسبت به بهبود توانمندسازی سیاسی و اقتصادی در شهرستان سوادکوه اقدام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing Ecotourism Effects on Local Communities' Empowerment(Case study: Savadkuh County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Ghasemi 1
  • Hesamedin Gholami 1
  • Amir Afzaligrouh 2
  • Amir Alambeigi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Graduated of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural extension and education, Faculty of Economics and development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Given the rise in popularity of ecotourism, investigating its impacts on the local community is of great importance. Thus, this study aimed to analyze ecotourism’s effects on the empowerment of local communities. In this regard, based on the empowerment wheel conceptual framework (Mendoza-Ramos, 2013) a survey was conducted in Savadkuh County. The sample size was calculated to be 240 people according to Daniel's sampling formula and was accessed through the convenience-sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire, the validity of which was approved by a panel of experts and construct validity (AVE Index). The reliability of the questionnaire was approved by calculating Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR). The data were analyzed by SPSS22 and Smart PLS software. Besides the confirmation of indicators’ homogeneity and reliability, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that local community empowerment's measurement model had five components (i.e. psychological, environmental, political, economic, and social). In addition, results revealed that the total mean score of local people empowerment was 3.1 out of 5. The highest mean scores were for the psychological (3.35) and environmental (3.22) dimensions of empowerment, respectively. The lowest mean scores were for the political (2.89) and economic (2.96) dimensions of empowerment, respectively. The social empowerment dimension (3.10) was almost at a moderate level. Accordingly, it is recommended to improve the political and economic empowerment of Savadkuh County’s local people through participatory approaches and facilitation techniques.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tourism
  • Ecotourism
  • Empowerment
  • Local Community
  • Rural Development
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