تحلیل رفتار حفاظتی باغداران شهرستان زنجان: توسعه‌ای بر مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته توسعه روستایی دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایرانپیام نور

چکیده

حفظ و توسعه منابع انسانی در محیط کشاورزی پرخطر، مستلزم رعایت اصول ایمنی کشاورزی است. در این راستا رفتار حفاظتی باغداران شهرستان زنجان با تأکید بر نقش میانجی مؤلفه‌های مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و تبیین مسیر شکل‌گیری رفتار حفاظتی از طریق تأثیر دانش بر نگرش به‌عنوان هدف این مطالعه انتخاب شده است. مطالعه ازنظر هدف کاربردی و به روش توصیفی همبستگی انجام شده است. جامعه موردمطالعه، باغداران شهرستان زنجان می‌باشند. تعداد نمونه طبق فرمول کوکران 293 نفر محاسبه و نمونه‌گیری به روش طبقه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انجام گردید. این پژوهش پیمایشی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه اجرا شد که روایی و پایایی آن بررسی و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد باغداران پوشیدن لباس و کفش مناسب را به‌عنوان تجهیزات حفاظتی در حین کار با مواد شیمیایی معمولاً موردتوجه قرار می‌دهند، اما سایر تجهیزات حفاظت فردی مانند ماسک، کلاه، دستکش و عینک کمتر موردتوجه قرار می‌گیرد. همچنین اگرچه باغداران دانش در حد متوسط تا کمی نسبت به رفتار حفاظتی دارند، اما بستر نگرشی نسبتاً خوبی در خصوص نیاز به انجام اقدامات حفاظتی وجود دارد که همین امر اجرای برنامه آموزشی و پذیریش آن را تسهیل می‌کند. آزمون فرضیه‌های مطالعه نشان داد که 41% از واریانس نگرش باغداران پیرامون رفتارهای حفاظتی تحت تأثیر دانش آنان شکل می‌گیرد. همچنین تأثیر نگرش بر تمامی مؤلفه‌های اعتقاد سلامت معنی‌دار بوده و تقریباً نیمی از تغییرات حساسیت درک شده، شدت درک شده، منافع درک شده، خودکارآمدی و راهنمای عمل را تبیین می‌کند. تحلیل مسیر حاکی از تبیین 58 درصد از تغییرات رفتار حفاظتی بر اساس مدل پیش‌بینی‌شده است؛ بنابراین آموزش می‌تواند ضمن افزایش دانش و تأثیر بر نگرش، درک باغداران از رفتارهای حفاظتی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و زمینه را برای اجرای رفتارهای ایمن فراهم نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Protective Behavior Analysis of Gardeners in Zanjan County: A Development on the Health Belief Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roya Karami 1
  • Sahar Tabibian 1
  • Nasrin Ahmadi 2
  • Tahereh Sharghi 1
1 Assistant Professors, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 MSc. students in Rural Development, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Preserving and developing human resources in high-risk agricultural environments requires observing agricultural safety principles. In this regard, understanding the protective behavior of gardeners with emphasis on the role of health belief model components in explaining the formation of protective behavior of gardeners in Zanjan city through the impact of knowledge on attitude has been selected as the purpose of this study. The study was conducted using the applied purpose and descriptive correlation method. The study population is gardeners in Zanjan city. The number of samples was calculated according to Cochran's formula of 293 people, and sampling was done using a stratified multistage sampling method. This survey research was conducted using a questionnaire, and its validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed. The results of this study showed that gardeners usually wear appropriate clothing and shoes as protective equipment when working with chemicals, but other personal protective equipment such as masks, hats, gloves, and goggles are less considered. Also, although gardeners have moderate to little knowledge of conservation behavior, there is a relatively good attitude towards the need to take preventive measures, which facilitates the implementation of the training program and its acceptance. Test of study hypotheses showed that 41% of the variance of gardeners' attitudes about preventive behaviors is formed under the influence of their knowledge. Further, the effect of attitude on all components of health belief is significant and explains almost half of the variability in perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and practice guide. Path analysis indicates the explanation of 58% of changes in protective behavior based on the predicted model. Therefore, education, in addition to increasing knowledge and influencing attitudes, could affect gardeners' understanding of protective behaviors and provide the ground for implementing gardeners' safe behaviors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Protective Behavior
  • Health Belief Model
  • Gardeners
  • Perceived Sensitivity
  • Knowledge
  • Attitude
  • Zanjan County

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فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 12، شماره 2
1402
صفحه 145-164

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