کنشگری زنان در کاهش سیل با نگاهی به چارچوب سندای (مطالعه‌موردی: سیلاب 1398)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مطالعات زنان گرایش حقوق زن در اسلام، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مطالعات زنان، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه حقوق بشر و محیط زیست، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سیل یک موضوع نگران­کننده برای توسعه جوامع محسوب می­شود و نیازمند توجه دولت و مشارکت مردم است. به همین علت سازمان ملل همواره با تصویب اسناد مختلف تلاش می­کند که به کاهش آسیب­‌پذیری جوامع و توانمندسازی آنان کمک کند. دراین‌بین آخرین سند مصوب سازمان ملل با نام چارچوب سندای راه‌­حل­‌هایی را برای گذار از مخاطرات اقلیمی ارائه می­دهد. ایران نیز یکی از کشورهای سیل­‌خیز جهان است. سیل به دلیل گستردگی بالای آن افراد زیادی را درگیر می­کند اما پیامدهای جنسیتی ناشی از سیل خنثی نیست و زنان بیشتر از مردان در برابر بلایا آسیب‌­پذیر هستند. در جریان سیل 1398 که بزرگترین سیل تاریخی ایران بوده است نیز زنان به‌شدت درگیر شدند. این پژوهش که به روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شده است به هدف بررسی اثرات مخرب سیل بر زنان و ارائه راه­‌حل­های موجود با اتکا به چارچوب سندای انجام شد. داده‌­های پژوهش نشان داد آسیب‌­های اقتصادی، فقدان آموزش و اطلاعات، فقدان مشارکت زنان، مشکلات مربوط به سلامت و آسیب‌­های اجتماعی از مسائل خاص زنان در سیل بود؛ بنابراین با تکیه بر اصول راهنمای چارچوب سندای که شامل توانمندسازی اقتصادی و اجتماعی زنان، استفاده از دانش بومی زنان محلی، حمایت از سمن‌ها و متخصصین و پژوهشگران زن است، می­توان از آسیب­های آینده پیشگیری نمود. لذا پیشنهاد می­شود نیازها و ظرفیت­‌های زنان در سیاست­گذاری­‌ها به‌طور ویژه موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Women's Activism in Flood Mitigation with a Look at the Sendai Framework (Case Study: 2020 Floods)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mastaneh Chamani 1
  • Hajar Azari 2
  • Mohammad Hossein Ramezani Qawamabadi 3
1 Ph.D. student of Women's Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Women's Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Human Rights and Environment, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Flooding is a worrying issue for society's development and requires the government's attention and the people's participation. For this reason, the United Nations always tries to help reduce the vulnerability of communities and empower them by approving various documents. In the meantime, the latest document approved by the United Nations called the Sendai Framework, provides solutions for the transition from climate risks. Iran is also one of the flood-prone countries in the world. Floods affect many people due to their high extent, but the gender consequences of floods are not neutral, and women are more vulnerable to disasters than men. During the 2020 flood, which was one of the biggest floods in Iran's history, women were also heavily involved. This research, which was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method, was conducted with the aim of investigating the destructive effects of floods on women and providing existing solutions based on the Sendai framework. The research data showed that economic damage, lack of education and information, lack of women's participation, health-related problems, and social damage were some of the special issues of women in floods. Therefore, by relying on the guiding principles of the Sendai framework, which includes the economic and social empowerment of women, the use of indigenous knowledge of local women, the support of women experts and researchers, future harm can be prevented. Therefore, it is suggested that women's needs and capacities should be given special attention in policy-making.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Women
  • Floods
  • Sendai Framework
  • Sustainable Development
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