شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در توسعه گردشگری پایدار و ارائه مدل راهبردی در مناطق ساحلی رامسر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، گروه برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی محیط، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی محیط، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مناطق ساحلی به جهت دارا بودن قابلیت­ها و جاذبه­های چشمگیر، برای رسیدن به گردشگری موفق باید از رهگذر توسعه پایدار گردشگری عبور نمایند ازاین‌رو توسعه  گردشگری پایدار به‌عنوان یک راهبرد مدیریتی در مناطق ساحلی، از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این مطالعه به‌منظور شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در توسعه گردشگری پایدار در منطقه ساحلی رامسر به بررسی یکسری از شاخص‌ها در قالب پرسشنامه مطابق با فرمول کوکران و ضریب اطمینان ۹۵/۰ (به روش pps) به‌صورت تصادفی از 383 نفر از گردشگران، نظرسنجی گردید. نتایج حاکی از آن است که اکثر گردشگران شاخص­‌های وضعیت بهداشت محیط و خدمات و تسهیلات گردشگری را به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین شاخص­ها در منطقه شناسایی کرده‌اند. علاوه بر این در این مطالعه به‌منظور برنامه­‌ریزی راهبردی و ارائه راهبردهای بهینه جهت دستیابی به مدیریت یکپارچه و مطلوب، از مدل SWOT- ANP استفاده شد. همان‌طور که نتایج نشان می‌دهد راهبردهای تهاجمی- رقابتی (SO) با 544/0 امتیاز به‌عنوان راهبرد برتر انتخاب گردید که این راهبردها به‌منظور بهبود و توسعه حفاظت در منطقه، باید موردتوجه مدیران و برنامه ریزان قرار گیرد. همچنین در راهبردهای SO می­توان با تکیه بر تقویت قوت­‌ها و فرصت­‌ها، به توسعه گردشگری در مقیاس مناسب و در حد ظرفیت و پتانسیل منطقه اقدام نمود. علاوه بر راهبردهای ارائه‌شده در این تحقیق، افزایش سطح فرهنگ گردشگران از طریق ارائه آموزش­های محیط‌زیستی (توسعه انواع تفریحات متنوع آموزشی، ورزشی، سرگرمی و غیره) نیز می‌تواند به بهبود در وضعیت حفاظت و توسعه گردشگری پایدار در این مناطق کمک نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Affecting Factors in the Development of Sustainable Tourism and Presenting Strategic Model in the Coastal Areas of Ramsar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvaneh Sobhani 1
  • Leila Liriyaei 1
  • Romina Sayahnia 2
1 Phd student of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Planning and Designing the Environment, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Planning and Designing the Environment, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Coastal areas, due to having significant capabilities and attractions, must pass through sustainable tourism development in order to achieve successful tourism, so sustainable tourism development as a management strategy in coastal areas is of particular importance. In this study, in order to identify the effective factors in the development of sustainable tourism in the coastal region of Ramsar, a number of indicators were surveyed in the form of a questionnaire from 383 tourists. The results indicated that most tourists have identified environmental health status indicators and tourism services and facilities as the most important indicators in the area. In addition, a SWOT- ANP model was used for strategic planning and provide optimal strategies for achieving integrated and optimal management. As the results show that aggressive-competitive strategies (SO) with a score of 0.544 were selected as the best strategies, that these strategies should be considered by managers and planners in order to improve and develop conservation in the area. Also, in SO strategies, by relying on strengthening the strengths and opportunities, tourism development can be developed on an appropriate scale and in the capacity and potential of the area. In addition to the strategies presented in this study, increasing the level of tourist culture by providing environmental education (development of various educational, sports, entertainment, etc.) can also help improve the protection and development of sustainable tourism in these areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Tourism
  • Coastal Areas
  • SWOT- ANP model
  • Ramsar

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فصلنامه علمی آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
دوره 10، شماره 1
آذر 1400
صفحه 175-193

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